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We present a new sublinear time algorithm for approximating the spectral density (eigenvalue distribution) of an $n\times n$ normalized graph adjacency or Laplacian matrix. The algorithm recovers the spectrum up to $\epsilon$ accuracy in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Vladimir Braverman , Aditya Krishnan , Christopher Musco

The cumulative empirical spectral measure (CESM) $\Phi[\mathbf{A}] : \mathbb{R} \to [0,1]$ of a $n\times n$ symmetric matrix $\mathbf{A}$ is defined as the fraction of eigenvalues of $\mathbf{A}$ less than a given threshold, i.e.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tyler Chen , Thomas Trogdon , Shashanka Ubaru

In physics, it is sometimes desirable to compute the so-called \emph{Density Of States} (DOS), also known as the \emph{spectral density}, of a real symmetric matrix $A$. The spectral density can be viewed as a probability density…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-10-07 Lin Lin , Yousef Saad , Chao Yang

This paper revisits the error analysis of the Stochastic Lanczos Quadrature (SLQ) method for approximating the trace of matrix functions, with a specific focus on asymmetric Lanczos quadrature rules. We reexplain an existing theoretical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Wenhao Li , Yixuan Huang , Shengxin Zhu

For a large Hermitian matrix $A\in \mathbb{C}^{N\times N}$, it is often the case that the only affordable operation is matrix-vector multiplication. In such case, randomized method is a powerful way to estimate the spectral density (or…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Lin Lin

Approximating the $k$-th spectral gap $\Delta_k=|\lambda_k-\lambda_{k+1}|$ and the corresponding midpoint $\mu_k=\frac{\lambda_k+\lambda_{k+1}}{2}$ of an $N\times N$ Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Almudena Carrera Vazquez , Aleksandros Sobczyk

A new maximum likelihood method for deconvoluting a continuous density with a positive lower bound on a known compact support in additive measurement error models with known error distribution using the approximate Bernstein type polynomial…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-30 Zhong Guan

The spectral density operator $\hat{\rho}(\omega)=\delta(\omega-\hat{H})$ plays a central role in linear response theory as its expectation value, the dynamical response function, can be used to compute scattering cross-sections. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Alessandro Roggero

Computing eigenvalues of very large matrices is a critical task in many machine learning applications, including the evaluation of log-determinants, the trace of matrix functions, and other important metrics. As datasets continue to grow in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-16 Siavash Ameli , Chris van der Heide , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney

The spectral transformation Lanczos method for the sparse symmetric definite generalized eigenvalue problem for matrices $A$ and $B$ is an iterative method that addresses the case of semidefinite or ill conditioned $B$ using a shifted and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-07 Michael Stewart

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) can be accurately approximated using co-occurrence frequencies of pairs and triples of observations by using a fast spectral method in contrast to the usual slow methods like EM or Gibbs sampling. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-03-29 Dean P. Foster , Jordan Rodu , Lyle H. Ungar

We study the problem of approximating a matrix $\mathbf{A}$ with a matrix that has a fixed sparsity pattern (e.g., diagonal, banded, etc.), when $\mathbf{A}$ is accessed only by matrix-vector products. We describe a simple randomized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Noah Amsel , Tyler Chen , Feyza Duman Keles , Diana Halikias , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco

Welch's method provides an estimator of the power spectral density that is statistically consistent. This is achieved by averaging over periodograms calculated from overlapping segments of a time series. For a finite length time series,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-12 Lachlan C. Astfalck , Adam M. Sykulski , Edward J. Cripps

In many machine learning and data related applications, it is required to have the knowledge of approximate ranks of large data matrices at hand. In this paper, we present two computationally inexpensive techniques to estimate the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Shashanka Ubaru , Yousef Saad , Abd-Krim Seghouane

This paper deals with a method for the approximation of a spectral density function among the solutions of a generalized moment problem a` la Byrnes/Georgiou/Lindquist. The approximation is pursued with respect to the Kullback-Leibler…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-11-04 Augusto Ferrante , Federico Ramponi , Francesco Ticozzi

Finding fast yet accurate numerical solutions to the Helmholtz equation remains a challenging task. The pollution error (i.e. the discrepancy between the numerical and analytical wave number k) requires the mesh resolution to be kept fine…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-24 Vandana Dwarka , Roel Tielen , Matthias Möller , Kees Vuik

We propose a closed-form spectral framework for relative log-density estimation in linearly parameterized probabilistic models, including unnormalized and conditional models. This is achieved by representing the Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Francis Bach

The distribution of the eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix (or of a Hermitian matrix pencil) reveals important features of the underlying problem, whether a Hamiltonian system in physics, or a social network in behavioral sciences. However,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-22 Yuanzhe Xi , Ruipeng Li , Yousef Saad

A central challenge in machine learning is to understand how noise or measurement errors affect low-rank approximations, particularly in the spectral norm. This question is especially important in differentially private low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Phuc Tran , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi , Van H. Vu

Light-matter interaction in solvents has attracted continuous attention for theoretical prediction and experimental measure, due in part to the simple curiosity to nature, and in part to increasing calls from solvent-involved applications.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Jiangbo , Zhao , Cong Qi , Guangrui Li , Markus A. Schmidt
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