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The paper discusses how Systolic Arrays can improve matrix multiplication for deep neural networks (DNNs). With AI models like OpenAI's GPT now containing trillions of parameters, the need for efficient matrix multiplication is more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Tejas Raja

Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced QoS for wireless com- munications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Ni-Chun Wang , Ezio Biglieri , Kung Yao

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Photonic integrated circuits are emerging as a promising platform for accelerating matrix multiplications in deep learning, leveraging the inherent parallel nature of light. Although various schemes have been proposed and demonstrated to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Rui Tang , Shuhei Ohno , Ken Tanizawa , Kazuhiro Ikeda , Makoto Okano , Kasidit Toprasertpong , Shinichi Takagi , Mitsuru Takenaka

A novel parallel algorithm for matrix multiplication is presented. The hyper-systolic algorithm makes use of a one-dimensional processor abstraction. The procedure can be implemented on all types of parallel systems. It can handle…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Thomas Lippert , Nikolay Petkov , Paolo Palazzari , Klaus Schilling

Systolic arrays are a promising computing concept which is in particular inline with CMOS technology trends and linear algebra operations found in the processing of artificial neural networks. The recent success of such deep learning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Kevin Stehle , Günther Schindler , Holger Fröning

Systolic arrays have been widely used for accelerating HPC and deep learning applications. There is a plethora of previous works on the performance tuning of systolic arrays, but usually based on a number of oversimplified assumptions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Jie Wang , Jason Cong

Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, particularly those based on artificial neural networks, have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in areas such as image recognition and natural language…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-03 Long Huang , Jianping Yao

This paper describes a novel approach of packing sparse convolutional neural networks for their efficient systolic array implementations. By combining subsets of columns in the original filter matrix associated with a convolutional layer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 H. T. Kung , Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

Neural networks provide a powerful tool for applications from classification and regression to general purpose alternative computing. Photonics have the potential to provide enormous speed benefits over electronic and software networks,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-18 Ethan Gordon

Photonic integrated circuits provide a compact platform for ultrafast and energy-efficient matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) in the optical domain. Recently, schemes based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) have been proposed as…

While Strassen's matrix multiplication algorithm reduces the complexity of naive matrix multiplication, general-purpose hardware is not suitable for achieving the algorithm's promised theoretical speedups. This leaves the question of if it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Trevor E. Pogue , Nicola Nicolici

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). The systolic array (SA) is a pipelined 2D array of processing elements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

Transformer-based models are becoming more and more intelligent and are revolutionizing a wide range of human tasks. To support their deployment, AI labs offer inference services that consume hundreds of GWh of energy annually and charge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental kernel in large-scale artificial intelligence and scientific computing, but its performance on conventional electronic accelerators is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth and energy…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hailong Gong , Haibo Zhang , Amanda S. Barnard , Mahbub Hassan , Matt Woolley , Rajkumar Buyya

The slowing down of Moore's law has driven the development of application-specific processors for deep learning. Analog photonic processors offer a promising solution for accelerating matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) in deep learning by…

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Alexander Song , Sai Nikhilesh Murty Kottapalli , Rahul Goyal , Bernhard Schölkopf , Peer Fischer

As computing resource demands continue to escalate in the face of big data, cloud-connectivity and the internet of things, it has become imperative to develop new low-power, scalable architectures. Neuromorphic photonics, or photonic neural…

The widespread proliferation of deep learning applications has triggered the need to accelerate them directly in hardware. General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) kernels are elemental deep-learning constructs and they inherently map onto…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-14 C. Peltekis , D. Filippas , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos

The advancement of artificial intelligence demands flexible multimodal data processing with high throughput and energy efficiency. Photonic integrated circuits (PIC) has demonstrated promising potentials in terms of low latency and low…

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