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In this paper, we investigate the performance of large-scale heterogeneous low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks in the context of three association schemes. In contrast to existing studies, where single-tier LEO satellite-based network…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuan Guo , Christodoulos Skouroumounis , Symeon Chatzinotas , Ioannis Krikidis

Integrating contention-based random access procedures into low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SatCom) systems poses new challenges, including long propagation delays, large Doppler shifts, and a large number of simultaneous…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Hyunwoo Lee , Ian P. Roberts , Jinkyo Jeong , Daesik Hong

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite navigation signal can be used as an opportunity signal in case of a Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outage, or as an enhancement means of traditional GNSS positioning algorithms. No matter which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Liang Chen , Xiangchen Lu , Nan Shen , Lei Wang , Yuan Zhuang , Ye Su , Deren Li , Ruizhi Chen

Reaching all regions of Earth, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can harvest delay-tolerant data from remotely located users on Earth without ground infrastructure. This work aims to assess a data harvest network architecture where users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system suffers from severe Doppler shifts, while {the Doppler-resilient affine frequency-division multiplexing (AFDM) transmission suffers…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-15 Shuntian Tang , Xiaomei Wu , Xinyi Wang , Le Zhao , Guang Yang , Zilong Liu , Fan Liu , Zesong Fei

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) optical satellite communication systems face performance challenges due to atmospheric effects such as scintillation, turbulence, wavefront distortion, beam spread, and jitter. This paper presents a comprehensive…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-29 Dhruv Shivkant , Shreyaans Jain , Rohit K Ramakrishnan

This paper investigates multi-stream downlink precoding for massive multiple-input multiple-output low-Earthorbit satellite (SAT) communication systems. We adopt a delay and Doppler precompensation approach to achieve coherent transmission.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Hangsong Yan , Alexei Ashikhmin , Hong Yang , Bin Song , Shu Sun

The amount of data generated by Earth observation satellites can be enormous, which poses a great challenge to the satellite-to-ground connections with limited rate. This paper considers problem of efficient downlink communication of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Van-Phuc Bui , Thinh Q. Dinh , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Shashi Raj Pandey , Eva Lagunas , Petar Popovski

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is a promising approach to providing Internet connectivity to users in many remote areas. As videos are likely to account for most traffic in the LEO satellite network, as in the rest of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kyoungjun Park , Zhiyuan He , Cheng Luo , Yi Xu , Lili Qiu , Changhan Ge , Muhammad Muaz

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellation networks aim to address the high connectivity demands with a projected 50,000 satellites in less than a decade. To fully utilize such a large-scale dynamic network, an air network composed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Eray Güven , Güneş Karabulut Kurt

This article investigates the transmission delay of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in a bent pipe structure. By employing a stochastic geometry framework, satellites are modeled as spherical binomial point processes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Sixi Cheng , Xiang Ling

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation-enabled communication networks are expected to be an important part of many Internet of Things (IoT) deployments due to their unique advantage of providing seamless global coverage. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Keke Ying , Zhen Gao , Sheng Chen , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , H. Vincent Poor

This paper investigates the massive connectivity of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) for seamless global coverage. We propose to integrate the grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) paradigm with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xingyu Zhou , Keke Ying , Zhen Gao , Yongpeng Wu , Zhenyu Xiao , Symeon Chatzinotas , Jinhong Yuan , Björn Ottersten

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems experience significant Doppler effects due to high mobility. While Doppler shifts can be largely compensated, residual frequency uncertainty induces a structured form of channel uncertainty that can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Pablo Orellana , Zheng Li , Jean-Marc Kelif , Sheng Yang , Shlomo Shamai

In Earth observation (EO) missions with Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, high-resolution image acquisition generates a massive data volume that poses a significant challenge for transmission under the limited satellite power budget, while…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Ti Ti Nguyen , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

A general satellite channel model is proposed for communications between a rapidly moving low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite in a mega-constellation and a stationary user on Earth. The channel uses a non-homogeneous binomial point process…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Brendon McBain , Yi Hong , Emanuele Viterbo

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite downlinks are fundamentally limited by severe channel correlation: the line-of-sight (LoS)-dominant propagation and high orbital altitude confine users to a narrow angular region, rendering the multiuser…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Hyeongtak Yun , Seyong Kim , Jeonghun Park

This paper presents an algorithm for iterative joint channel parameter (carrier phase, Doppler shift and Doppler rate) estimation and decoding of transmission over channels affected by Doppler shift and Doppler rate using a distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Ahsan Waqas , Khoa Nguyen , Gottfried Lechner , Terence Chan

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the earth network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Massive multiple-input multiple-output low-Earth-orbit communication channels are highly time-varying due to severe Doppler shifts and propagation delays. While satellite-mobility-induced Doppler shifts can be compensated using known…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Abdollah Masoud Darya , Saeed Abdallah