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The capability of accurate prediction of protein functions and properties is essential in the biotechnology industry, e.g. drug development and artificial protein synthesis, etc. The main challenges of protein function prediction are the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Po-Han Chi , Jia-Hua Wu , Min Sun

Predicting multiple functions labeled with Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers from the enzyme sequence is of great significance but remains a challenge due to its sparse multi-label classification nature, i.e., each enzyme is typically…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-09 Zhao Yang , Bing Su , Jiahao Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) are transforming the field of structural biology. For example, AlphaFold, a groundbreaking neural network for protein structure prediction, has been widely adopted by researchers. The…

Machine Learning-guided solutions for protein learning tasks have made significant headway in recent years. However, success in scientific discovery tasks is limited by the accessibility of well-defined and labeled in-domain data. To tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Ria Vinod , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das

This paper demonstrates that language models are strong structure-based protein designers. We present LM-Design, a generic approach to reprogramming sequence-based protein language models (pLMs), that have learned massive sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Zaixiang Zheng , Yifan Deng , Dongyu Xue , Yi Zhou , Fei YE , Quanquan Gu

Self-supervised pre-training methods on proteins have recently gained attention, with most approaches focusing on either protein sequences or structures, neglecting the exploration of their joint distribution, which is crucial for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Protein research is crucial in various fundamental disciplines, but understanding their intricate structure-function relationships remains challenging. Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in comprehending…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Chao Wang , Hehe Fan , Ruijie Quan , Yi Yang

Directed evolution plays an indispensable role in protein engineering that revises existing protein sequences to attain new or enhanced functions. Accurately predicting the effects of protein variants necessitates an in-depth understanding…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-09 Yang Tan , Bingxin Zhou , Yuanhong Jiang , Yu Guang Wang , Liang Hong

Motivation Protein fold recognition is an important problem in structural bioinformatics. Almost all traditional fold recognition methods use sequence (homology) comparison to indirectly predict the fold of a tar get protein based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Jie Hou , Badri Adhikari , Jianlin Cheng

The trade-off between predictive accuracy and data availability makes it difficult to predict protein--protein binding affinity accurately. The lack of experimentally resolved protein structures limits the performance of structure-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Wajid Arshad Abbasi , Syed Ali Abbas , Maryum Bibi , Saiqa Andleeb , Muhammad Naveed Akhtar

Proteins are essential to life's processes, underpinning evolution and diversity. Advances in sequencing technology have revealed millions of proteins, underscoring the need for sophisticated pre-trained protein models for biological…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-25 Shujian Jiao , Bingxuan Li , Lei Wang , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Jiajie Peng , Zhongyu Wei

Proteins are miniature machines whose function depends on their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Determining this structure computationally remains an unsolved grand challenge. A major bottleneck involves selecting the most accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-30 Stephan Eismann , Patricia Suriana , Bowen Jing , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Ron O. Dror

The protein chemical shifts holds a large amount of information about the 3-dimensional structure of the protein. A number of chemical shift predictors based on the relationship between structures resolved with X-ray crystallography and the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2014-09-25 Anders S. Larsen

We introduce ProteinWorkshop, a comprehensive benchmark suite for representation learning on protein structures with Geometric Graph Neural Networks. We consider large-scale pre-training and downstream tasks on both experimental and…

Recent advances in Protein Language Models (PLMs) have transformed protein engineering, yet unlike their counterparts in Natural Language Processing (NLP), current PLMs exhibit a fundamental limitation: they excel in either Protein Language…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Liuzhenghao Lv , Zongying Lin , Hao Li , Yuyang Liu , Jiaxi Cui , Calvin Yu-Chian Chen , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

Attention-based models trained on protein sequences have demonstrated incredible success at classification and generation tasks relevant for artificial intelligence-driven protein design. However, we lack a sufficient understanding of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Erik Nijkamp , Jeffrey Ruffolo , Eli N. Weinstein , Nikhil Naik , Ali Madani

Structural prediction has long been considered critical in RNA research, especially following the success of AlphaFold2 in protein studies, which has drawn significant attention to the field. While recent advances in machine learning and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-26 Jiaxing Yang

In this study, we expand upon the FLIP benchmark-designed for evaluating protein fitness prediction models in small, specialized prediction tasks-by assessing the performance of state-of-the-art large protein language models, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Manuel F. Mollon , Joaquin Gonzalez-Rodriguez , Alicia Lozano-Diez , Daniel Ramos , Doroteo T. Toledano

Determining protein structures at an atomic level remains a significant challenge in structural biology. We introduce $\texttt{RecCrysFormer}$, a hybrid model that exploits the strengths of transformers with the aim of integrating…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-30 Tom Pan , Evan Dramko , Mitchell D. Miller , George N. Phillips , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Drug discovery represents a time-consuming and financially intensive process, and virtual screening can accelerate it. Scoring functions, as one of the tools guiding virtual screening, have their precision closely tied to screening…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haotian Gao , Xiangying Zhang , Jingyuan Li , Xinchong Chen , Haojie Wang , Yifei Qi , Renxiao Wang