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With the rise of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms,safeguarding the intellectual property of deep learning models is becoming paramount. Among various protective measures, trigger set watermarking has emerged as a flexible and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Hongyu Zhu , Sichu Liang , Wentao Hu , Fangqi Li , Ju Jia , Shilin Wang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where clients train models locally and share model updates to develop a global model. This enables low-resource devices to collaboratively build a high-quality model without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Haoyang Li , Leixia Wang , Jianliang Xu

Federated Instruction Tuning (FIT) enables collaborative instruction tuning of large language models across multiple organizations (clients) in a cross-silo setting without requiring the sharing of private instructions. Recent findings on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haodong Zhao , Jinming Hu , Zhaomin Wu , Zongru Wu , Wei Du , Junyi Hou , Caibei Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Bingsheng He , Gongshen Liu

In recent years, Federated Unlearning (FU) has gained attention for addressing the removal of a client's influence from the global model in Federated Learning (FL) systems, thereby ensuring the ``right to be forgotten" (RTBF).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ziyao Liu , Huanyi Ye , Yu Jiang , Jiyuan Shen , Jiale Guo , Ivan Tjuawinata , Kwok-Yan Lam

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving paradigm for machine learning, but its application in intrusion detection systems (IDS) within IoT networks is challenged by severe class imbalance, non-IID data, and high communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gurpreet Singh , Keshav Sood , P. Rajalakshmi , Yong Xiang

Despite the tremendous success, deep neural networks are exposed to serious IP infringement risks. Given a target deep model, if the attacker knows its full information, it can be easily stolen by fine-tuning. Even if only its output is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Weiming Zhang , Huamin Feng , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

Generative code models (GCMs) significantly enhance development efficiency through automated code generation and code summarization. However, building and training these models require computational resources and time, necessitating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haoxuan Li , Jiale Zhang , Xiaobing Sun , Xiapu Luo

Training deep neural networks from scratch could be computationally expensive and requires a lot of training data. Recent work has explored different watermarking techniques to protect the pre-trained deep neural networks from potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xinyun Chen , Wenxiao Wang , Chris Bender , Yiming Ding , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Dawn Song

In this paper, an efficiently DWT-based watermarking technique is proposed to embed signatures in images to attest the owner identification and discourage the unauthorized copying. This paper deals with a fuzzy inference filter to choose…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-07-30 Ming-Shing Hsieh

Federated Language Model (FedLM) allows a collaborative learning without sharing raw data, yet it introduces a critical vulnerability, as every untrustworthy client may leak the received functional model instance. Current watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haodong Zhao , Jinming Hu , Yijie Bai , Tian Dong , Wei Du , Zhuosheng Zhang , Yanjiao Chen , Haojin Zhu , Gongshen Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that facilitates collaboration among participants across demographics. FL enables model sharing, while restricting the movement of data. Since FL provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Harsh Kasyap , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Carsten Maple , Somanath Tripathy

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

Federated learning enables thousands of participants to construct a deep learning model without sharing their private training data with each other. For example, multiple smartphones can jointly train a next-word predictor for keyboards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Eugene Bagdasaryan , Andreas Veit , Yiqing Hua , Deborah Estrin , Vitaly Shmatikov

Federated learning (FL) provides an emerging approach for collaboratively training semantic encoder/decoder models of semantic communication systems, without private user data leaving the devices. Most existing studies on trustworthy FL aim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Gaolei Li , Yuanyuan Zhao , Yi Li

Neural networks are susceptible to data inference attacks such as the membership inference attack, the adversarial model inversion attack and the attribute inference attack, where the attacker could infer useful information such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Ziqi Yang , Lijin Wang , Da Yang , Jie Wan , Ziming Zhao , Ee-Chien Chang , Fan Zhang , Kui Ren

Containerization technology plays a crucial role in Federated Learning (FL) setups, expanding the pool of potential clients and ensuring the availability of specific subsets for each learning iteration. However, doubts arise about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Mario Chahoud , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok , Jamal Bentahar , Mohsen Guizani

Federated learning enables training a global machine learning model from data distributed across multiple sites, without having to move the data. This is particularly relevant in healthcare applications, where data is rife with personal,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Olivia Choudhury , Aris Gkoulalas-Divanis , Theodoros Salonidis , Issa Sylla , Yoonyoung Park , Grace Hsu , Amar Das

Advancement in the field of machine learning is unavoidable, but something of major concern is preserving the privacy of the users whose data is being used for training these machine learning algorithms. Federated learning(FL) has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ishmeet Kaur , Adwaita Janardhan Jadhav

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their data; rather, they train their own model locally and send updates to a central server for aggregation. Depending on how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Mohammad Naseri , Yufei Han , Emiliano De Cristofaro