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Automated unit test generation aims to improve software quality while reducing the time and effort required for creating tests manually. However, existing techniques primarily generate regression oracles that predicate on the implemented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Adam Bodicoat , Gunel Jahangirova , Valerio Terragni

Software testing remains the most widely used methodology for validating quality of code. However, effectiveness of testing critically depends on the quality of test suites used. Test cases in a test suite consist of two fundamental parts:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shan Jiang , Chenguang Zhu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Unit testing is an essential activity in software development for verifying the correctness of software components. However, manually writing unit tests is challenging and time-consuming. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Lin Yang , Chen Yang , Shutao Gao , Weijing Wang , Bo Wang , Qihao Zhu , Xiao Chu , Jianyi Zhou , Guangtai Liang , Qianxiang Wang , Junjie Chen

Test oracles play a crucial role in software testing, enabling effective bug detection. Despite initial promise, neural-based methods for automated test oracle generation often result in a large number of false positives and weaker test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Soneya Binta Hossain , Matthew Dwyer

Generating tests automatically is a key and ongoing area of focus in software engineering research. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities, given their ability to perform a wide spectrum of tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Azat Abdullin , Pouria Derakhshanfar , Annibale Panichella

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

Implementing automated unit tests is an important but time-consuming activity in software development. To assist developers in this task, many techniques for automating unit test generation have been developed. However, despite this effort,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Rangeet Pan , Myeongsoo Kim , Rahul Krishna , Raju Pavuluri , Saurabh Sinha

The effectiveness of a test suite in detecting faults highly depends on the correctness and completeness of its test oracles. Large Language Models (LLMs) have already demonstrated remarkable proficiency in tackling diverse software testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Facundo Molina , Alessandra Gorla

Unit testing plays a pivotal role in software development, improving software quality and reliability. However, generating effective test cases manually is time-consuming, prompting interest in unit testing research. Recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ye Shang , Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code, but can they generate fast code for complex, real-world software systems? In this study, we investigate this question using a dataset of 65 tasks mined from performance-critical open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Lirong Yi , Gregory Gay , Philipp Leitner

There is an increasing amount of research and commercial tools for automated test case generation using Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper critically examines whether recent LLM-based test generation tools, such as Codium CoverAgent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

It is natural to suppose that a Large Language Model is more likely to generate correct test cases when prompted with correct code under test, compared to incorrect code under test. However, the size of this effect has never been previously…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Dong Huang , Jie M. Zhang , Mark Harman , Mingzhe Du , Heming Cui

Despite the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) for code generation, they often output incorrect code. One reason is that model output probabilities are often not well-correlated with correctness, and reflect only the final output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Francisco Ribeiro , Claudio Spiess , Prem Devanbu , Sarah Nadi

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Background: Software systems powered by large language models are becoming a routine part of everyday technologies, supporting applications across a wide range of domains. In software engineering, many studies have focused on how LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Cleyton Magalhaes , Italo Santos , Brody Stuart-Verner , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Unit testing is essential for software reliability, yet manual test creation is time-consuming and often neglected. Search-based software testing improves efficiency but produces tests with poor readability and maintainability, while LLMs…

Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only a suitable tool for code generation but also capable of generating annotation-based code specifications. Scaling these methodologies may allow us to deduce provable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Samuel Teuber , Bernhard Beckert

Unit tests represent the most basic level of testing within the software testing lifecycle and are crucial to ensuring software correctness. Designing and creating unit tests is a costly and labor-intensive process that is ripe for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Andrea Lops , Fedelucio Narducci , Azzurra Ragone , Michelantonio Trizio , Claudio Bartolini

\textit{Background:} The use of large language models in software testing is growing fast as they support numerous tasks, from test case generation to automation, and documentation. However, their adoption often relies on informal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Maria Deolinda Santana , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos
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