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Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Spambot detection in online social networks is a long-lasting challenge involving the study and design of detection techniques capable of efficiently identifying ever-evolving spammers. Recently, a new wave of social spambots has emerged,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Stefano Cresci , Roberto Di Pietro , Marinella Petrocchi , Angelo Spognardi , Maurizio Tesconi

Watermarking is a technique that involves embedding nearly unnoticeable statistical signals within generated content to help trace its source. This work focuses on a scenario where an untrusted third-party user sends prompts to a trusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xingchi Li , Guanxun Li , Xianyang Zhang

HTTP Server is a computer programs that serves webpage content to clients. A webpage is a document or resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a computer…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-09 Bala Dhandayuthapani Veerasamy

We investigate fingerprints in pretraining datasets for large language models (LLMs) through dataset classification experiments. Building on prior work demonstrating the existence of fingerprints or biases in popular computer vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Youssef Mansour , Reinhard Heckel

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks aim to infer which websites a user is visiting by analyzing traffic patterns, thereby compromising user anonymity. Although this technique has been demonstrated to be effective in controlled experimental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yali Yuan , Weiyi Zou , Guang Cheng

802.11 device fingerprinting is the action of characterizing a target device through its wireless traffic. This results in a signature that may be used for identification, network monitoring or intrusion detection. The fingerprinting method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-28 Christoph Neumann , Olivier Heen , Stéphane Onno

Over the years, use of smartphones has come to dominate several areas, improving our lives, offering us convenience, and reshaping our daily work circumstances. Beyond traditional use for communication, they are used for many peripheral…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ashutosh Bhatiaa , Ankit AgrawalaAyush Bahugunaa , Kamlesh Tiwaria , K. Haribabua , Deepak Vishwakarmab

Web browsers provide a user-friendly means of navigating the web. Users rely on their web browser to provide information about the websites they are visiting, such as the security state. Browsers also provide a user interface (UI) with…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Abigail Mabe

We introduce a semantic identification attack, in which an adversary uses semantic signals about the pages visited in one browsing session to identify other browsing sessions launched by the same user. Current user fingerprinting methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Neel Guha

Website fingerprinting enables an eavesdropper to determine which websites a user is visiting over an encrypted connection. State-of-the-art website fingerprinting (WF) attacks have demonstrated effectiveness even against Tor-protected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xinhao Deng , Xiyuan Zhao , Qilei Yin , Zhuotao Liu , Qi Li , Mingwei Xu , Ke Xu , Jianping Wu

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks are used by local passive attackers to determine the destination of encrypted internet traffic by comparing the sequences of packets sent to and received by the user to a previously recorded data set. As…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-23 James K Holland , Nicholas Hopper

Recent advances confirm that large language models (LLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, due to the resource-intensive nature of training LLMs from scratch, it is urgent and crucial to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhiguang Yang , Hanzhou Wu

Websites are capable of learning a wide range of information about the platform on which a browser is executing. One major source of such information is the set of standardised Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) provided within the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Zhaoyi Fan

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks exploit patterns in encrypted traffic to infer the websites visited by users, posing a serious threat to anonymous communication systems. Although recent WF techniques achieve over 90% accuracy in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xinhao Deng , Jingyou Chen , Linxiao Yu , Yixiang Zhang , Zhongyi Gu , Changhao Qiu , Xiyuan Zhao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Due to the openness of the wireless medium, smartphone users are susceptible to user privacy attacks, where user privacy information is inferred from encrypted Wi-Fi wireless traffic. Existing attacks are limited to recognizing mobile apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yong Huang , Zhibo Dong , Xiaoguang Yang , Dalong Zhang , Qingxian Wang , Zhihua Wang

Software-defined networking (SDN) eases network management by centralizing the control plane and separating it from the data plane. The separation of planes in SDN, however, introduces new vulnerabilities in SDN networks since the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-22 Heng Cui , Ghassan O. Karame , Felix Klaedtke , Roberto Bifulco

An increasing amount of Internet traffic has its content encrypted. We address the question of whether it is possible to predict the activities taking place over an encrypted channel, in particular Microsoft's Remote Desktop Protocol. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-07 L. Lapczyk , D. B. Skillicorn

It has been shown that finetuned transformers and other supervised detectors effectively distinguish between human and machine-generated text in some situations arXiv:2305.13242, but we find that even simple classifiers on top of n-gram and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hope McGovern , Rickard Stureborg , Yoshi Suhara , Dimitris Alikaniotis