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Web client fingerprinting has become a widely used technique for uniquely identifying users, browsers, operating systems, and devices with high accuracy. While it is beneficial for applications such as fraud detection and personalized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mordechai Guri , Dor Fibert

Analyzing users' Internet traffic data and activities has a certain impact on users' experiences in different ways, from maintaining the quality of service on the Internet and providing users with high-quality recommendation systems to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Aida Ramezani , Amirhossein Khajehpour , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani

Device fingerprinting is a widely used technique that allows a third party to identify a particular device. Applications of device fingerprinting include authentication, attacker identification, or software license binding. Device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Alberto Fernandez-de-Retana , Igor Santos-Grueiro

Browser fingerprinting can be used to identify and track users across the Web, even without cookies, by collecting attributes from users' devices to create unique "fingerprints". This technique and resulting privacy risks have been studied…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Alex Berke , Enrico Bacis , Badih Ghazi , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Robin Lassonde , Pasin Manurangsi , Umar Syed

We present new analytic techniques for inferring HTTP semantics from passive observations of HTTPS that can infer the value of important fields including the status-code, Content-Type, and Server, and the presence or absence of several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Blake Anderson , Andrew Chi , Scott Dunlop , David McGrew

Device fingerprinting over the web has received much attention both by the research community and the commercial market a like. Almost all the fingerprinting features proposed to date depend on software run on the device. All of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Gabi Nakibly , Gilad Shelef , Shiran Yudilevich

Website fingerprinting attack is an extensively studied technique used in a web browser to analyze traffic patterns and thus infer confidential information about users. Several website fingerprinting attacks based on machine learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Guodong Huang , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Yuwen Qian , Chunpeng Ge , Liming Fang , Zhe Liu

Protecting users' privacy over the Internet is of great importance; however, it becomes harder and harder to maintain due to the increasing complexity of network protocols and components. Therefore, investigating and understanding how data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Khajepour , Amirmohammad Ziaei , Amir Ali Gatmiri , Ali Taheri

Browser fingerprinting often provides an attractive alternative to third-party cookies for tracking users across the web. In fact, the increasing restrictions on third-party cookies placed by common web browsers and recent regulations like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Website Fingerprinting (WFP) uses deep learning models to classify encrypted network traffic to infer visited websites. While historically effective, prior methods fail to generalize to modern web environments. Single-page applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Chuxu Song , Dheekshith Dev Manohar Mekala , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

Browser fingerprinting is a stateless tracking technique that attempts to combine information exposed by multiple different web APIs to create a unique identifier for tracking users across the web. Over the last decade, trackers have abused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq

Current best practices heavily control user permissions on network systems. This effectively mitigates many insider threats regarding the collection and exfiltration of data. Many methods of covert communication involve crafting custom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-04-27 Kenton Born

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Shuai Li , Huajun Guo , Nicholas Hopper

Modern Web APIs allow developers to provide extensively customized experiences for website visitors, but the richness of the device information they provide also make them vulnerable to being abused to construct browser fingerprints,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Enrico Bacis , Igor Bilogrevic , Robert Busa-Fekete , Asanka Herath , Antonio Sartori , Umar Syed

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited over anonymized connections by analyzing patterns in network traffic flows, such as packet sizes, directions, or interval times using a machine learning classifier. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chuxu Song , Zining Fan , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

We present a simple yet potentially devastating and hard-to-detect threat, called Gummy Browsers, whereby the browser fingerprinting information can be collected and spoofed without the victim's awareness, thereby compromising the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Zengrui Liu , Prakash Shrestha , Nitesh Saxena

Digital fingerprints have brought great convenience and benefits to many online businesses. However, they pose a significant threat to the privacy and security of ordinary users. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Kaitong Lin , Huazhu Cao , Amin Milani Fard

Advertisers are increasingly turning to fingerprinting techniques to track users across the web. As web browsing activity shifts to mobile platforms, traditional browser fingerprinting techniques become less effective; however, device…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Edward Chou , Muhammad Haris Mughees

Browser fingerprinting consists into collecting attributes from a web browser. Hundreds of attributes have been discovered through the years. Each one of them provides a way to distinguish browsers, but also comes with a usability cost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Nampoina Andriamilanto , Tristan Allard , Gaëtan Le Guelvouit

Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen