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In the era of AI-driven science and engineering, we often want to design discrete objects in silico according to user-specified properties. For example, we may wish to design a protein to bind its target, arrange components within a circuit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 James C. Bowden , Sergey Levine , Jennifer Listgarten

Computational protein design is experiencing a transformation driven by AI/ML. However, the range of potential protein sequences and structures is astronomically vast, even for moderately sized proteins. Hence, achieving convergence between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Aymen Alsaadi , Jonathan Ash , Mikhail Titov , Matteo Turilli , Andre Merzky , Shantenu Jha , Sagar Khare

Recent progress in deep learning has been driven by increasingly larger models. However, their computational and energy demands have grown proportionally, creating significant barriers to their deployment and to a wider adoption of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Pedro Savarese

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) are fundamental in various biological processes and play a key role in life activities. The growing demand and cost of experimental PPI assays require computational methods for efficient PPI prediction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Lirong Wu , Yijun Tian , Yufei Huang , Siyuan Li , Haitao Lin , Nitesh V Chawla , Stan Z. Li

Motivation: Protein embedding, which represents proteins as numerical vectors, is a crucial step in various learning-based protein annotation/classification problems, including gene ontology prediction, protein-protein interaction…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-21 Jiayu Shang , Cheng Peng , Yongxin Ji , Jiaojiao Guan , Dehan Cai , Xubo Tang , Yanni Sun

Accurately predicting protein structures from amino acid sequences remains a fundamental challenge in computational biology, with profound implications for understanding biological functions and enabling structure-based drug discovery.…

Protein contacts contain important information for protein structure and functional study, but contact prediction from sequence information remains very challenging. Recently evolutionary coupling (EC) analysis, which predicts contacts by…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-12-01 Siqi Sun , Jianzhu Ma , Sheng Wang , Jinbo Xu

The optimal design of compounds through manipulating properties at the molecular level is often the key to considerable scientific advances and improved process systems performance. This paper highlights key trends, challenges, and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-13 Abdulelah S. Alshehri , Rafiqul Gani , Fengqi You

Protein folding is one of the age-old biological problems that refers to the mechanism of understanding and predicting how a protein's linear sequence of amino acids folds into its specific three dimensional structure.This structure is…

The inapplicability of amino acid covariation methods to small protein families has limited their use for structural annotation of whole genomes. Recently, deep learning has shown promise in allowing accurate residue-residue contact…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-10 Joe G Greener , Shaun M Kandathil , David T Jones

Recent studies have shown competitive performance in protein design that aims to find the amino acid sequence folding into the desired structure. However, most of them disregard the importance of predictive confidence, fail to cover the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-31 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Effective representations of protein sequences are widely recognized as a cornerstone of machine learning-based protein design. Yet, protein bioengineering poses unique challenges for sequence representation, as experimental datasets…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-07 Ana F. Rodrigues , Lucas Ferraz , Laura Balbi , Pedro Giesteira Cotovio , Catia Pesquita

Amino acid sequence portrays most intrinsic form of a protein and expresses primary structure of protein. The order of amino acids in a sequence enables a protein to acquire a particular stable conformation that is responsible for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Ashish Ranjan , Md Shah Fahad , David Fernandez-Baca , Akshay Deepak , Sudhakar Tripathi

The recognition of essential proteins not only can help to understand the mechanism of cell operation, but also help to study the mechanism of biological evolution. At present, many scholars have been discovering essential proteins…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-10 Pengli Lu , JingJuan Yu

Deep learning has been widely used for protein engineering. However, it is limited by the lack of sufficient experimental data to train an accurate model for predicting the functional fitness of high-order mutants. Here, we develop SESNet,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-10 Mingchen Li , Liqi Kang , Yi Xiong , Yu Guang Wang , Guisheng Fan , Pan Tan , Liang Hong

In recent era prediction of enzyme class from an unknown protein is one of the challenging tasks in bioinformatics. Day to day the number of proteins is increases as result the prediction of enzyme class gives a new opportunity to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Chhote Lal Prasad Gupta , Anand Bihari , Sudhakar Tripathi

Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers, which associate a protein sequence with the biochemical reactions it catalyzes, are essential for the accurate understanding of enzyme functions and cellular metabolism. Many ab-initio computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Zhenkun Shi , Qianqian Yuan , Ruoyu Wang , Hoaran Li , Xiaoping Liao , Hongwu Ma

AI-assisted protein design has emerged as a critical tool for advancing biotechnology, as deep generative models have demonstrated their reliability in this domain. However, most existing models primarily utilize protein sequence or…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Changjian Zhou , Yuexi Qiu , Jia Song

A deep neural network based architecture was constructed to predict amino acid side chain conformation with unprecedented accuracy. Amino acid side chain conformation prediction is essential for protein homology modeling and protein design.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-27 Ke Liu , Xiangyan Sun , Jun Ma , Zhenyu Zhou , Qilin Dong , Shengwen Peng , Junqiu Wu , Suocheng Tan , Günter Blobel , Jie Fan

Deep learning has contributed to major advances in the prediction of protein structure from sequence, a fundamental problem in structural bioinformatics. With predictions now approaching the accuracy of crystallographic resolution in some…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-26 Mu Gao , Mark Coletti , Russell B. Davidson , Ryan Prout , Subil Abraham , Benjamin Hernandez , Ada Sedova