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Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKGs) unify diverse Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources into structured, queryable formats, offering scalable solutions for automating proactive and real-time security responses. Their increasing adoption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Inoussa Mouiche , sherif Saad

Attack knowledge graph construction seeks to convert textual cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports into structured representations, portraying the evolutionary traces of cyber attacks. Even though previous research has proposed various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Yongheng Zhang , Tingwen Du , Yunshan Ma , Xiang Wang , Yi Xie , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Ee-Chien Chang

Cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and diverse, making detection increasingly challenging. To combat these attacks, security practitioners actively summarize and exchange their knowledge about attacks across organizations in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Zhenyuan Li , Jun Zeng , Yan Chen , Zhenkai Liang

Threat intelligence on malware attacks and campaigns is increasingly being shared with other security experts for a cost or for free. Other security analysts use this intelligence to inform them of indicators of compromise, attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Nidhi Rastogi , Sharmishtha Dutta , Mohammed J. Zaki , Alex Gittens , Charu Aggarwal

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) parsing aims to extract key threat information from massive data, transform it into actionable intelligence, enhance threat detection and defense efficiency, including attack graph construction, intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongheng Zhang , Xinyun Zhao , Yunshan Ma , Haokai Ma , Yingxiao Guan , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Xiang Wang

Effective Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) relies upon accurately structured and semantically enriched information extracted from cybersecurity system logs. However, current methodologies often struggle to identify and interpret malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Luca Cotti , Anisa Rula , Devis Bianchini , Federico Cerutti

The construction of attack technique knowledge graphs aims to transform various types of attack knowledge into structured representations for more effective attack procedure modeling. Existing methods typically rely on textual data, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jian Wang , Tiantian Zhu , Chunlin Xiong , Yan Chen

Cyber threats are constantly evolving. Extracting actionable insights from unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data is essential to guide cybersecurity decisions. Increasingly, organizations like Microsoft, Trend Micro, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romy Fieblinger , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

System logs represent a valuable source of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), capturing attacker behaviors, exploited vulnerabilities, and traces of malicious activity. Yet their utility is often limited by lack of structure, semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Luca Cotti , Idilio Drago , Anisa Rula , Devis Bianchini , Federico Cerutti

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is a crucial tool to prevent sophisticated, organized, and weaponized cyber attacks. However, few studies have focused on the credibility assessment of CTI, and this work still requires manual analysis by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zongzong Wu , Fengxiao Tang , Ming Zhao , Yufeng Li

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) summarization involves generating concise and accurate highlights from web intelligence data, which is critical for providing decision-makers with actionable insights to swiftly detect and respond to cyber…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Wei Peng , Junmei Ding , Wei Wang , Lei Cui , Wei Cai , Zhiyu Hao , Xiaochun Yun

To address the increasing complexity and frequency of cybersecurity incidents emphasized by the recent cybersecurity threat reports with over 10 billion instances, cyber threat intelligence (CTI) plays a critical role in the modern…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hangyuan Ji , Jian Yang , Linzheng Chai , Chaoren Wei , Liqun Yang , Yunlong Duan , Yunli Wang , Tianzhen Sun , Hongcheng Guo , Tongliang Li , Changyu Ren , Zhoujun Li

Organizations are increasingly targeted by Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), which involve complex, multi-stage tactics and diverse techniques. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources, such as incident reports and security blogs, provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Sofia Della Penna , Roberto Natella , Vittorio Orbinato , Lorenzo Parracino , Luciano Pianese

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is information describing threat vectors, vulnerabilities, and attacks and is often used as training data for AI-based cyber defense systems such as Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKG). There is a strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Casey Hanks , Michael Maiden , Priyanka Ranade , Tim Finin , Anupam Joshi

Cyber threat intelligence is the provision of evidence-based knowledge about existing or emerging threats. Benefits from threat intelligence include increased situational awareness, efficiency in security operations, and improved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Siri Bromander

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) plays a crucial role in assessing risks and enhancing security for organizations. However, the process of extracting relevant information from unstructured text sources can be expensive and time-consuming.…

This work evaluates the performance of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) extraction methods in identifying attack techniques from threat reports available on the web using the MITRE ATT&CK framework. We analyse four configurations utilising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hoang Cuong Nguyen , Shahroz Tariq , Mohan Baruwal Chhetri , Bao Quoc Vo

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports document observations of cyber threats, synthesizing evidence about adversaries' actions and intent into actionable knowledge that informs detection, response, and defense planning. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haokai Ma , Javier Yong , Yunshan Ma , Kuei Chen , Anis Yusof , Zhenkai Liang , Ee-Chien Chang

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is critical for mitigating threats to organizations, governments, and institutions, yet the necessary data are often dispersed across diverse formats. AI-driven solutions for CTI Information Extraction (IE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Olga Sorokoletova , Emanuele Antonioni , Giordano Colò

The swift spread of fake news and disinformation campaigns poses a significant threat to public trust, political stability, and cybersecurity. Traditional Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) approaches, which rely on low-level indicators such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Domenico Cotroneo , Roberto Natella , Vittorio Orbinato
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