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We study how information propagates in decoder-only Transformers, which are the architectural backbone of most existing frontier large language models (LLMs). We rely on a theoretical signal propagation analysis -- specifically, we analyse…

Transformers, especially the decoder-only variants, are the backbone of most modern large language models; yet we do not have much understanding of their expressive power except for the simple $1$-layer case. Due to the difficulty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Lijie Chen , Binghui Peng , Hongxun Wu

In this paper we study the electromagnetic scattering, absorption, and performance bounds for short time modulated pulses that impinge on a time-varying lossy layer that is sandwiched between vacuum and a perfect electric conductor. The…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Chen Firestein , Amir Shlivinski , Yakir Hadad

Transformer-based models have recently become wildly successful across a diverse set of domains. At the same time, recent work has shown empirically and theoretically that Transformers are inherently limited. Specifically, they argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Gbètondji J-S Dovonon , Michael M. Bronstein , Matt J. Kusner

In this article, we investigate the application of wavelet packet transform as a novel spectrum sensing approach. The main attraction for wavelet packets is the tradeoffs they offer in terms of satisfying various performance metrics such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Dyonisius Dony Ariananda , Madan Kumar Lakshmanan , Homayoun Nikookar

Modified scattering phenomena are encountered in the study of global properties for nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations in situations where the decay of solutions at infinity is borderline and scattering fails just barely.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Mihaela Ifrim , Daniel Tataru

The increasing demand for Fourier transforms on geometric algebras has resulted in a large variety. Here we introduce one single straight forward definition of a general geometric Fourier transform covering most versions in the literature.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-11 Roxana Bujack , Gerik Scheuermann , Eckhard Hitzer

We generalize Roth's theorem on three term arithmetic progressions to translation invariant quadratic forms in at least 17 variables. We use Fourier-analysis, restriction theory, uniformity norms and Roth's density increment method to show…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-02 Eugen Keil

We give a definition of scattering matrices based on the asymptotic behaviors of generalized eigenfunctions and show that these scattering matrices are equivalent to the ones defined by wave-operator approach in long-range $N$-body…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Sohei Ashida

This is the second article in a two-part series presenting a new proof comparing the non-invariant trace formula for a general linear group with that of one of its inner forms. In this article, we focus on the spectral side of the trace…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Yan-Der Lu

Using the free-space translation representation (modified Radon transform) of Lax and Phillips in odd dimensions, it is shown that the generalized backscattering transform (so outgoing angle $\omega =S\theta$ in terms of the incoming angle…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2008-01-03 Richard Melrose , Gunther Uhlmann

In this paper, we introduce the notion of quaternion shearlet transform- which is an extension of the ordinary shearlet transform. Firstly, we study the fundamental properties of quaternion shearlet transforms and then establish some basic…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Firdous A. Shah , Azhar Y. Tantary

Due to its effectiveness and performance, the Transformer translation model has attracted wide attention, most recently in terms of probing-based approaches. Previous work focuses on using or probing source linguistic features in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hongfei Xu , Josef van Genabith , Qiuhui Liu , Deyi Xiong

The special affine Fourier transform (SAFT) is a promising tool for analyzing non-stationary signals with more degrees of freedom. However, the SAFT fails in obtaining the local features of non-transient signals due to its global kernel and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Firdous A. Shah , Azhar Y. Tantary , Aajaz A. Teali

The gravitational radiation emitted during a classical scattering process is known to exhibit two universal logarithmic terms in its soft frequency expansion. We show that these terms can be written in a way that makes the action of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-26 Gianni Boschetti , Miguel Campiglia

We say that a closed subspace $M$ of $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ admits a \emph{complete set of semi-regular a-translates} if there exist some $a>0$, finitely many functions $g_1,\dots,g_N$, some subsets $J_1,\dots,J_N$ of $\mathbb{Z}$ and some…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Pu-Ting Yu

We consider scattering by short range perturbations of the semi-classical Laplacian. We prove that when a polynomial bound on the resolvent holds, the scattering amplitude is a semi-classical Fourier integral operator associated to the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ivana Alexandrova

This paper constructs translation invariant operators on L2(R^d), which are Lipschitz continuous to the action of diffeomorphisms. A scattering propagator is a path ordered product of non-linear and non-commuting operators, each of which…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-04-17 Stéphane Mallat

The initial value problem for the general coupled Hirota system with nonzero boundary conditions at infinity is solved by reporting a rigorous theory of the inverse scattering transform. With the help of a suitable uniformization variable,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Xiu-Bin Wang , Shou-Fu Tian

We simplify the Ashworth-Davies special relativistic theory of a uniformly translating mirror with an arbitrary angle of incidence and direction of propagation in the non-relativistic limit. We show that it is in good agreement with a more…