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Artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning systems are reshaping education through data-driven adaptation of learning experiences. Yet many of these systems lack transparency, offering limited insight into how decisions are made. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Maryam Mosleh , Marie Devlin , Ellis Solaiman

Artificial intelligence (AI) generally and machine learning (ML) specifically demonstrate impressive practical success in many different application domains, e.g. in autonomous driving, speech recognition, or recommender systems. Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-02 Andreas Holzinger , Chris Biemann , Constantinos S. Pattichis , Douglas B. Kell

The notion that algorithmic systems should be "transparent" and "explainable" is common in the many statements of consensus principles developed by governments, companies, and advocacy organizations. But what exactly do policy and legal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Matthew O'Shaughnessy

As AI systems are increasingly deployed to support decision-making in critical domains, explainability has become a means to enhance the understandability of these outputs and enable users to make more informed and conscious choices.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Maria J. P. Peixoto , Akriti Pandey , Ahsan Zaman , Peter R. Lewis

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is remarkable, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the inherent opacity of complex AI models presents significant challenges to their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Binbin Wen , Yihang Wu , Tareef Daqqaq , Ahmad Chaddad

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in financial decision-making, the opacity of complex models presents significant challenges for professionals and regulators. While the field of Explainable AI (XAI) attempts to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Patricia Marcella Evite , Ekaterina Svetlova , Doina Bucur

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…

Advancements in high-throughput technologies have led to a shift from traditional hypothesis-driven methodologies to data-driven approaches. Multi-omics refers to the integrative analysis of data derived from multiple 'omes', such as…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-17 Ahmad Hussein , Mukesh Prasad , Ali Braytee

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research…

Explaining deep learning models is essential for clinical integration of medical image analysis systems. A good explanation highlights if a model depends on spurious features that undermines generalization and harms a subset of patients or,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Yoni Schirris , Eric Marcus , Jonas Teuwen , Hugo Horlings , Efstratios Gavves

Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform data analysis in many domains. Progress in each domain is driven by a growing body of annotated data, increased computational resources, and technological innovations. In medicine, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Ahmad Chaddad , Qizong lu , Jiali Li , Yousef Katib , Reem Kateb , Camel Tanougast , Ahmed Bouridane , Ahmed Abdulkadir

The advancements in deep learning-based methods for visual perception tasks have seen astounding growth in the last decade, with widespread adoption in a plethora of application areas from autonomous driving to clinical decision support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kumar Abhishek , Deeksha Kamath

Explainability is important for the transparency of autonomous and intelligent systems and for helping to support the development of appropriate levels of trust. There has been considerable work on developing approaches for explaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Michael Winikoff , John Thangarajah , Sebastian Rodriguez

Explainable AI (XAI) has a counterpart in analytical modeling which we refer to as model explainability. We tackle the issue of model explainability in the context of prediction models. We analyze a dataset of loans from a credit card…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Donald Kridel , Jacob Dineen , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Explainable AI was born as a pathway to allow humans to explore and understand the inner working of complex systems. However, establishing what is an explanation and objectively evaluating explainability are not trivial tasks. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francesco Sovrano , Fabio Vitali

Interest in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been growing for decades and has accelerated recently. As Artificial Intelligence models have become more complex, and often more opaque, with the incorporation of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Interpretability and explainability have gained more and more attention in the field of machine learning as they are crucial when it comes to high-stakes decisions and troubleshooting. Since both provide information about predictors and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Benjamin Leblanc , Pascal Germain

This paper addresses the critical challenge of building consumer trust in AI-powered customer engagement by emphasising the necessity for transparency and accountability. Despite the potential of AI to revolutionise business operations and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Tara DeZao

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Language Models (LMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and enabled remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet their black-box nature raises critical concerns about the interpretability of their internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Avash Palikhe , Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Rui Guo , Qiang Duan , Jie Yang , Wenbin Zhang
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