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While gender bias in large language models (LLMs) has been extensively studied in many domains, uses of LLMs in e-commerce remain largely unexamined and may reveal novel forms of algorithmic bias and harm. Our work investigates this space,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Markelle Kelly , Mohammad Tahaei , Padhraic Smyth , Lauren Wilcox

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Recent studies have revealed that the widely-used Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) propagate societal biases from the large unmoderated pre-training corpora. Existing solutions require debiasing training processes and datasets for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Somayeh Ghanbarzadeh , Yan Huang , Hamid Palangi , Radames Cruz Moreno , Hamed Khanpour

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern language-driven software applications, profoundly influencing daily life. A critical technique in leveraging their potential is role-playing, where LLMs simulate diverse roles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xinyue Li , Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang , Ying Xiao , Tianlin Li , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu , Yiling Lou , Xuanzhe Liu

We examine LLM representations of gender for first names in various occupational contexts to study how occupations and the gender perception of first names in LLMs influence each other mutually. We find that LLMs' first-name gender…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Haozhe An , Connor Baumler , Abhilasha Sancheti , Rachel Rudinger

Large Language Models (LLM) have made significant advances in the recent past becoming more mainstream in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled human-facing applications. However, LLMs often generate stereotypical output inherited from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Wu Zekun , Sahan Bulathwela , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly gained popularity and are being embedded into professional applications due to their capabilities in generating human-like content. However, unquestioned reliance on their outputs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Muneera Bano , Hashini Gunatilake , Rashina Hoda

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in areas influencing societal outcomes, it is critical to understand their tendency to perpetuate and amplify biases. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit biases in predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xinhua Wu , Qi R. Wang

Existing fairness benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on simple tasks, such as multiple-choice questions, overlooking biases that may arise in more complex scenarios like long-text generation. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wonje Jeung , Dongjae Jeon , Ashkan Yousefpour , Jonghyun Choi

This paper presents research on enhancements to Large Language Models (LLMs) through the addition of diversity in its generated outputs. Our study introduces a configuration of multiple LLMs which demonstrates the diversities capable with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Purva Prasad Gosavi , Vaishnavi Murlidhar Kulkarni , Alan F. Smeaton

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs) process spoken input directly, retaining cues such as accent and perceived gender that were previously removed in cascaded pipelines. This introduces speaker identity dependent variation in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Christoph Minixhofer , Maria Teleki , James Caverlee , Ondřej Klejch , Peter Bell , Gustav Eje Henter , Éva Székely

Generated texts from large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit a variety of harmful, human-like biases against various demographics. These findings motivate research efforts aiming to understand and measure such effects. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yuen Chen , Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram , Justus Mattern , Rada Mihalcea , Zhijing Jin

There has been significant prior work using templates to study bias against demographic attributes in MLMs. However, these have limitations: they overlook random variability of templates and target concepts analyzed, assume equality amongst…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ingroj Shrestha , Louis Tay , Padmini Srinivasan

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and their growing integration into daily life underscore the importance of evaluating and ensuring their fairness. In this work, we examine fairness within the domain of emotional theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maureen Herbert , Katie Sun , Angelica Lim , Yasaman Etesam

Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Walter Laurito , Benjamin Davis , Peli Grietzer , Tomáš Gavenčiak , Ada Böhm , Jan Kulveit

The rise of concern around Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies containing and perpetuating social biases has led to a rich and rapidly growing area of research. Gender bias is one of the central biases being analyzed, but to date…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Hannah Devinney , Jenny Björklund , Henrik Björklund

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely deployed in user-facing applications, reaching hundreds of millions worldwide. As they become integrated into everyday tasks, growing reliance on their outputs raises significant concerns. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Robin Staab , Jasper Dekoninck , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

This study evaluates whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit biases towards medical professionals. Fictitious candidate resumes were created to control for identity factors while maintaining consistent qualifications. Three LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Xi Chen , Yang Xu , MingKe You , Li Wang , WeiZhi Liu , Jian Li

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are trained on data that inherently contains gender biases, leading to undesirable impacts. Traditional debiasing methods often rely on external corpora, which may lack quality, diversity, or demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Liu Yu , Ludie Guo , Ping Kuang , Fan Zhou
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