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Until a few years ago, the fastest known matrix multiplication algorithm, due to Coppersmith and Winograd (1990), ran in time $O(n^{2.3755})$. Recently, a surge of activity by Stothers, Vassilevska-Williams, and Le Gall has led to an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Andris Ambainis , Yuval Filmus , François Le Gall

We introduce a relaxation of the notion of tensor rank, called s-rank, and show that upper bounds on the s-rank of the matrix multiplication tensor imply upper bounds on the ordinary rank. In particular, if the "s-rank exponent of matrix…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-01-01 Henry Cohn , Christopher Umans

In the light bulb problem, one is given uniformly random vectors $x_1, \ldots, x_n, y_1, \ldots, y_n \in \{-1,1\}^d$. They are all chosen independently except a planted pair $(x_{i^*}, y_{j^*})$ is chosen with correlation $\rho>0$. The goal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Josh Alman , Hengjie Zhang

We establish basic information about border rank algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor and other tensors with symmetry. We prove that border rank algorithms for tensors with symmetry (such as matrix multiplication and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-01 J. M. Landsberg , Mateusz Michałek

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental classical computing operation whose efficiency becomes a major challenge at scale, especially for machine learning applications. Quantum computing, with its inherent parallelism and exponential storage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jiaqi Yao , Ding Liu

Hierarchical matrices approximate a given matrix by a decomposition into low-rank submatrices that can be handled efficiently in factorized form. $\mathcal{H}^2$-matrices refine this representation following the ideas of fast multipole…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Steffen Börm

A tight lower bound for required I/O when computing an ordinary matrix-matrix multiplication on a processor with two layers of memory is established. Prior work obtained weaker lower bounds by reasoning about the number of segments needed…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Tyler Michael Smith , Bradley Lowery , Julien Langou , Robert A. van de Geijn

We show, for the input vectors $(a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1})$ and $(b_0, b_1, ..., b_{n-1})$, where $a_i$'s and $b_j$'s are real numbers, after $O(n\log^4 n)$ time preprocessing for each of them, the vector multiplication $(a_0, a_1, ...,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Yijie Han

We give two algorithms for output-sparse matrix multiplication (OSMM), the problem of multiplying two $n \times n$ matrices $A, B$ when their product $AB$ is promised to have at most $O(n^{\delta})$ many non-zero entries for a given value…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Huck Bennett , Karthik Gajulapalli , Alexander Golovnev , Evelyn Warton

We give explicit low-rank bilinear non-commutative schemes for multiplying structured $n \times n$ matrices with $2 \leq n \leq 5$, which serve as building blocks for recursive algorithms with improved multiplicative factors in asymptotic…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kirill Khoruzhii , Patrick Gelß , Sebastian Pokutta

Matrix multiplication is a cornerstone operation in a wide array of scientific fields, including machine learning and computer graphics. The standard algorithm for matrix multiplication has a complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ for $n\times n$…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Afzal Ahmad , Linfeng Du , Wei Zhang

We consider the problem of recovering a low-multilinear-rank tensor from a small amount of linear measurements. We show that the Riemannian gradient algorithm initialized by one step of iterative hard thresholding can reconstruct an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Jian-Feng Cai , Lizhang Miao , Yang Wang , Yin Xian

A random matrix is likely to be well conditioned, and motivated by this well known property we employ random matrix multipliers to advance some fundamental matrix computations. This includes numerical stabilization of Gaussian elimination…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-12-27 Victor Y. Pan , Guoliang Qian

Let {\alpha} be the maximal value such that the product of an n x n^{\alpha} matrix by an n^{\alpha} x n matrix can be computed with n^{2+o(1)} arithmetic operations. In this paper we show that \alpha>0.30298, which improves the previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 François Le Gall

Path-integral techniques are a powerful tool used in open quantum systems to provide an exact solution for the non-Markovian dynamics. However, the exponential scaling of the tensor size with quantum memory length of these techniques limits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 L. M. J. Hall , A. Gisdakis , E. A. Muljarov

Min-plus matrix multiplication is used in many problems operating on distances in graphs or solvable by dynamic programming. Assuming the APSP hypothesis, there is no subcubic-time algorithm for the min-plus product of two general $n\times…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Paweł Gawrychowski , Egor Gorbachev , Tomasz Kociumaka

We make an in-depth study of the known border rank (i.e. approximate) algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor encoding the multiplication of an n x 2 matrix by a 2 x 2 matrix.

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-09-29 J. M. Landsberg , Nicholas Ryder

In recent years, algorithmic breakthroughs in stringology, computational social choice, scheduling, etc., were achieved by applying the theory of so-called $n$-fold integer programming. An $n$-fold integer program (IP) has a highly uniform…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Kateřina Altmanová , Dušan Knop , Martin Koutecký

Low rank matrix and tensor completion problems are to recover the incomplete two and higher order data by using their low rank structures. The essential problem in the matrix and tensor completion problems is how to improve the efficiency.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Quan Yu , Xinzhen Zhang

We consider the techniques behind the current best algorithms for matrix multiplication. Our results are threefold. (1) We provide a unifying framework, showing that all known matrix multiplication running times since 1986 can be achieved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams