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Software development is a cognitively intensive process requiring multitasking, adherence to evolving workflows, and continuous learning. With the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools, such as conversational agents (CAs), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) deliver personalised recommendations through multi-turn natural language dialogue and increasingly support both task-oriented and exploratory interactions. Yet, the factors shaping user interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Raj Mahmud , Shlomo Berkovsky , Mukesh Prasad , A. Baki Kocaballi

Using chatbots to deliver recommendations is increasingly popular. The design of recommendation chatbots has primarily been taking an information-centric approach by focusing on the recommended content per se. Limited attention is on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Kai-Hui Liang , Weiyan Shi , Yoojung Oh , Hao-Chuan Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Zhou Yu

As chatbots driven by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in everyday contexts, their ability to recover from errors through effective apologies is critical to maintaining user trust and satisfaction. In a preregistered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Zahra Ashktorab , Alessandra Buccella , Jason D'Cruz , Zoe Fowler , Andrew Gill , Kei Yan Leung , P. D. Magnus , John Richards , Kush R. Varshney

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

Conversational AI chatbots have become increasingly common within the customer service industry. Despite improvements in their emotional development, they often lack the authenticity of real customer service interactions or the competence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Antonin Brun , Ruying Liu , Aryan Shukla , Frances Watson , Jonathan Gratch

LLM-driven chatbots like ChatGPT have created large volumes of conversational data, but little is known about how user privacy expectations are evolving with this technology. We conduct a survey experiment with 300 US ChatGPT users to…

Social interactions promote well-being, yet barriers like geographic distance, time limitations, and mental health conditions can limit face-to-face interactions. Emotionally responsive AI systems, such as chatbots, offer new opportunities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahnaz Roshanaei , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Magy Seif El-Nasr

Background: Empathy is widely recognized for improving patient outcomes, including reduced pain and anxiety and improved satisfaction, and its absence can cause harm. Meanwhile, use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alastair Howcroft , Amber Bennett-Weston , Ahmad Khan , Joseff Griffiths , Simon Gay , Jeremy Howick

When two people pay attention to each other and are interested in what the other has to say or write, they almost instantly adapt their writing/speaking style to match the other. For a successful interaction with a user, chatbots and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Sanja Štajner , Seren Yenikent , Marc Franco-Salvador

Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Biplav Srivastava , Francesca Rossi , Sheema Usmani , and Mariana Bernagozzi

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in diverse applications requires a thorough understanding of their decision-making strategies and behavioral patterns. As a supplement to a recent study on the behavioral Turing test, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yutong Xie , Yiyao Liu , Zhuang Ma , Lin Shi , Xiyuan Wang , Walter Yuan , Matthew O. Jackson , Qiaozhu Mei

The dynamics of human-AI communication have been reshaped by language models such as ChatGPT. However, extant research has primarily focused on dyadic communication, leaving much to be explored regarding the dynamics of human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sion Yoon , Tae Eun Kim , Yoo Jung Oh

Conversation with chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has become one of the major forms of interaction with Artificial Intelligence (AI) in everyday life. What makes this interaction so convenient is that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sarah Diefenbach , Daniel Ullrich

The study illustrates a first step towards an ongoing work aimed at developing a dataset of dialogues potentially useful for customer service conversation management between humans and AI chatbots. The approach exploits ChatGPT 3.5 to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Giovanni Pilato , Pablo Garcia Bringas

Users can discuss a wide range of topics with large language models (LLMs), but they do not always prefer solving problems or getting information through lengthy conversations. This raises an intriguing HCI question: How does instructing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Shih-Hong Huang , Ya-Fang Lin , Zeyu He , Chieh-Yang Huang , Ting-Hao 'Kenneth' Huang

Designing conversational user interface experience is complicated because conversation comes with many expectations. When these expectations are met, we feel the interface is natural, but once violated, we feel something is amiss. The last…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Ahmed Fadhil

Conversational agents increasingly mediate everyday digital interactions, yet the effects of their communication style on user experience and task success remain unclear. Addressing this gap, we describe the results of a between-subject…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Erik Derner , Dalibor Kučera , Aditya Gulati , Ayoub Bagheri , Nuria Oliver

Chatbot technology is increasingly emerging as a virtual assistant. Chatbots could allow individuals and organizations to accomplish objectives that are currently not fully optimized for collaboration across an intergenerational context.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Irawan Nurhas , Pouyan Jahanbin , Jan Pawlowski , Stephen Wingreen , Stefan Geisler