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Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Approximate k-Nearest Neighbour (ANN) methods are often used for mining information and aiding machine learning on large scale high-dimensional datasets. ANN methods typically differ in the index structure used for accelerating searches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ben Harwood , Amir Dezfouli , Iadine Chades , Conrad Sanderson

Large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) has been gaining attention along with the latest machine learning researches employing ANNs. If the data is too large to fit in memory, it is necessary to search for the most similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Taiga Ikeda , Daisuke Miyashita , Jun Deguchi

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become a quintessential algorithmic problem for various other foundational data tasks for AI workloads. Graph-based ANNS indexes have superb empirical trade-offs in indexing cost, query…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ziyu Zhang , Yuanhao Wei , Joshua Engels , Julian Shun

In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of various graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search algorithms deployed on edge devices for real-time nearest neighbor search applications, such as smart city infrastructure…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ali Ganbarov , Jicheng Yuan , Anh Le-Tuan , Manfred Hauswirth , Danh Le-Phuoc

The in-memory approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have achieved great success for fast high-recall query processing, but are extremely inefficient when handling hybrid queries with unstructured (i.e., feature vectors) and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wei Wu , Junlin He , Yu Qiao , Guoheng Fu , Li Liu , Jin Yu

For a given dataset $\mathcal{D}$ and structured label $f$, the goal of Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (FANNS) algorithms is to find top-$k$ points closest to a query that satisfy label constraints, while ensuring both recall…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jiayang Shi , Yuzheng Cai , Weiguo Zheng

This paper studies density-based clustering of point sets. These methods use dense regions of points to detect clusters of arbitrary shapes. In particular, we study variants of density peaks clustering, a popular type of algorithm that has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shangdi Yu , Joshua Engels , Yihao Huang , Julian Shun

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in computer science for which in-memory graph-based methods, such as Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW), perform exceptionally well. To scale beyond billions of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Manuel Widmoser , Daniel Kocher , Nikolaus Augsten

Ad-hoc search calls for the selection of appropriate answers from a massive-scale corpus. Nowadays, the embedding-based retrieval (EBR) becomes a promising solution, where deep learning based document representation and ANN search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Weihao Han , Jianjin Zhang , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian , Chaozhuo Li , Hao Sun , Denvy Deng , Liangjie Zhang , Qi Zhang , Xing Xie

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a crucial operation in databases and artificial intelligence. While graph-based ANNS methods like HNSW and NSG excel in performance, they assume uniform query distribution. However, in…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifan Zhu , Ruijie Zhao , Zhonggen Li , Baihua Zheng , Zhikun Zhang , Zhaoqiang Chen , Congcong Ge

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Recent years have witnessed the popularity and success of graph neural networks (GNN) in various scenarios. To obtain data-specific GNN architectures, researchers turn to neural architecture search (NAS), which has made impressive success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Huan Zhao , Quanming Yao , Weiwei Tu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental building block in information retrieval with graph-based indices being the current state-of-the-art and widely used in the industry. Recent advances in graph-based indices have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Aditi Singh , Suhas Jayaram Subramanya , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Indices for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) are a basic component for information retrieval and widely used in database, search, recommendation and RAG systems. In these scenarios, documents or other objects are inserted into and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Haike Xu , Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Philip A. Bernstein , Badrish Chandramouli , Richard Wen , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins modern applications such as information retrieval and recommendation. With the rapid growth of vector data, efficient indexing for real-time vector search has become rudimentary. Existing…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuchen Peng , Dingyu Yang , Zhongle Xie , Ji Sun , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Gang Chen

Bimodal data, such as image-text pairs, has become increasingly prevalent in the digital era. The Hybrid Vector Query (HVQ) is an effective approach for querying such data and has recently garnered considerable attention from researchers.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ziqi Yin , Jianyang Gao , Pasquale Balsebre , Gao Cong , Cheng Long

Approximate $k$-nearest neighbor search (A$k$-NNS) is a core operation in vector databases, underpinning applications such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and image retrieval. In these scenarios, users often prefer diverse result…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jiachen Zhao , Xiao Yan , Eric Lo

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) exhibit superior performance in graph representation learning, but their inference cost can be high, due to an aggregation operation that can require a memory fetch for a very large number of nodes. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yaochen Hu , Mai Zeng , Ge Zhang , Pavel Rumiantsev , Liheng Ma , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates