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An adaptive visible/invisible watermarking scheme is done to prevent the privacy and preserving copyright protection of digital data using Hadamard transform based on the scaling factor of the image. The value of scaling factor depends on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-05-14 Parvathavarthini S. , Shanthakumari R

Watermarking is a technique that involves embedding nearly unnoticeable statistical signals within generated content to help trace its source. This work focuses on a scenario where an untrusted third-party user sends prompts to a trusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xingchi Li , Guanxun Li , Xianyang Zhang

Digital watermarking has been widely studied for the protection of intellectual property. Traditional watermarking schemes often design in a "wider" rule, which applies one general embedding mechanism to all images. But this will limit the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhaoyang Jia , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang

Benefiting from the superior capabilities of large language models in natural language understanding and generation, Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful commercial paradigm on the web platform. However, prior studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Xuebin Wang

The capability of accurate prediction of protein functions and properties is essential in the biotechnology industry, e.g. drug development and artificial protein synthesis, etc. The main challenges of protein function prediction are the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Po-Han Chi , Jia-Hua Wu , Min Sun

Consistency and reliability are crucial for conducting AI research. Many famous research fields, such as object detection, have been compared and validated with solid benchmark frameworks. After AlphaFold2, the protein folding task has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-01 Jaemyung Lee , Kyeongtak Han , Jaehoon Kim , Hasun Yu , Youhan Lee

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized content creation across text, visual, and audio domains, simultaneously introducing significant risks such as misinformation, identity fraud, and content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lele Cao

EEG-based neural networks, pivotal in medical diagnosis and brain-computer interfaces, face significant intellectual property (IP) risks due to their reliance on sensitive neurophysiological data and resource-intensive development. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ahmed Abdelaziz , Ahmed Fathi , Ahmed Fares

The proliferation of generative AI systems creates unprecedented opportunities for content creation while raising critical concerns about controllability, copyright infringement, and content provenance. Current generative models operate as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haris Khan , Sadia Asif , Shumaila Asif

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak

In order to protect the intellectual property (IP) of deep neural networks (DNNs), many existing DNN watermarking techniques either embed watermarks directly into the DNN parameters or insert backdoor watermarks by fine-tuning the DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Xiangyu Zhao , Yinzhe Yao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

The functionality of a deep learning (DL) model can be stolen via model extraction where an attacker obtains a surrogate model by utilizing the responses from a prediction API of the original model. In this work, we propose a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Abhishek Chakraborty , Daniel Xing , Yuntao Liu , Ankur Srivastava

Deep Learning (DL) models have caused a paradigm shift in our ability to comprehend raw data in various important fields, ranging from intelligence warfare and healthcare to autonomous transportation and automated manufacturing. A practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Bita Darvish Rouhani , Huili Chen , Farinaz Koushanfar

Protecting intellectual property on LLM-generated code necessitates effective watermarking systems that can operate within code's highly structured, syntactically constrained nature. In this work, we introduce CodeTracer, an innovative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Siyuan Xu , Hangfan Zhang , Teng Xiao , Minhao Cheng

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng

Generative AI raises many societal concerns such as boosting disinformation and propaganda campaigns. Watermarking AI-generated content is a key technology to address these concerns and has been widely deployed in industry. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

With the significant advances in deep generative models for image and video synthesis, Deepfakes and manipulated media have raised severe societal concerns. Conventional machine learning classifiers for deepfake detection often fail to cope…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aakash Varma Nadimpalli , Ajita Rattani

Protein folding is one of the age-old biological problems that refers to the mechanism of understanding and predicting how a protein's linear sequence of amino acids folds into its specific three dimensional structure.This structure is…

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