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Preference learning has garnered extensive attention as an effective technique for aligning diffusion models with human preferences in visual generation. However, existing alignment approaches such as Diffusion-DPO suffer from two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaomeng Yang , Mengping Yang , Junyan Wang , Zhijian Zhou , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a compelling approach for training Large Language Models (LLMs) to adhere to human preferences. However, the performance of DPO is sensitive to the fine-tuning of its trade-off parameter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Junkang Wu , Yuexiang Xie , Zhengyi Yang , Jiancan Wu , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a powerful approach to align text-to-image (T2I) models with human feedback. Unfortunately, successful application of DPO to T2I models requires a huge amount of resources to collect and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Shyamgopal Karthik , Huseyin Coskun , Zeynep Akata , Sergey Tulyakov , Jian Ren , Anil Kag

Offline preference optimization is a key method for enhancing and controlling the quality of Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. Typically, preference optimization is approached as an offline supervised learning task using manually-crafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chris Lu , Samuel Holt , Claudio Fanconi , Alex J. Chan , Jakob Foerster , Mihaela van der Schaar , Robert Tjarko Lange

DPO is an effective preference optimization algorithm. However, the DPO-tuned models tend to overfit on the dispreferred samples, manifested as overly long generations lacking diversity. While recent regularization approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenxu Yang , Ruipeng Jia , Naibin Gu , Zheng Lin , Siyuan Chen , Chao Pang , Weichong Yin , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown promising results in aligning generative outputs with human preferences by distinguishing between chosen and rejected samples. However, a critical limitation of DPO is likelihood displacement,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ruojun Xu , Yu Kai , Xuhua Ren , Jiaxiang Cheng , Bing Ma , Tianxiang Zheng , Qinhlin Lu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities learned from vast corpora, concerns regarding data privacy and safety are receiving increasing attention. LLM unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kai Qin , Jiaqi Wu , Jianxiang He , Haoyuan Sun , Yifei Zhao , Bin Liang , Yongzhe Chang , Tiantian Zhang , Houde Liu

Post-training alignment of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge, as not all tokens contribute equally to model performance. This paper introduces a selective alignment strategy that prioritizes high-impact tokens within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhijin Dong

Offline multi-objective optimization aims to identify Pareto-optimal solutions given a dataset of designs and their objective values. In this work, we propose a preference-guided diffusion model that generates Pareto-optimal designs by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yashas Annadani , Syrine Belakaria , Stefano Ermon , Stefan Bauer , Barbara E Engelhardt

We introduce PEPO (Pessimistic Ensemble based Preference Optimization), a single-step Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)-like algorithm to mitigate the well-known over-optimization issue in preference learning without requiring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Adam Barla , Emanuele Nevali , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher

Offline algorithms for Reinforcement Learning from Human Preferences (RLHF), which use only a fixed dataset of sampled responses given an input, and preference feedback among these responses, have gained increasing prominence in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Alekh Agarwal , Christoph Dann , Teodor V. Marinov

Prompt engineering is effective but labor-intensive, motivating automated optimization methods. Existing methods typically require labeled datasets, which are often unavailable, and produce verbose, repetitive prompts. We introduce PrefPO,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rahul Singhal , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Karime Maamari

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for agent tasks is critical in developing language agents. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a promising technique for this adaptation with the alleviation of compounding errors, offering a means…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Wentao Shi , Mengqi Yuan , Junkang Wu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Direct preference optimization (DPO) is widely used as a simple and stable method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. This paper investigates a generalized DPO loss that enables a policy model to match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yeongmin Kim , Heesun Bae , Byeonghu Na , Il-Chul Moon

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is an effective framework for aligning large language models with human preferences, but it struggles with complex reasoning tasks. DPO optimizes for the likelihood of generating preferred over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Darsh Kachroo , Adriana Caraeni , Arjun Prasaath Anbazhagan , Brennan Lagasse , Kevin Zhu

Preference-based alignment objectives have been widely adopted, from RLHF-style pairwise learning in large language models to emerging applications in recommender systems. Yet, existing work rarely examines how Direct Preference…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hejin Huang , Jusheng Zhang , Kaitong Cai , Jian Wang , Rong Pan

Large language models have been widely adopted in natural language processing, yet they face the challenge of generating unreliable content. Recent works aim to reduce misinformation and hallucinations by resorting to attribution as a means…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Baotian Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Xinshuo Hu , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a simple and efficient framework that has attracted substantial attention. However, it often struggles to meet its primary objectives -- increasing the generation probability of chosen responses while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jay Hyeon Cho , JunHyeok Oh , Myunsoo Kim , Byung-Jun Lee

Preferences within a group of people are not uniform but follow a distribution. While existing alignment methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) attempt to steer models to reflect human preferences, they struggle to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Binwei Yao , Zefan Cai , Yun-Shiuan Chuang , Shanglin Yang , Ming Jiang , Diyi Yang , Junjie Hu

Existing methods for preference tuning of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models often rely on computationally expensive generation steps to create positive and negative pairs of images. These approaches frequently yield training pairs that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sanjana Reddy , Ishaan Malhi , Sally Ma , Praneet Dutta