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Neural network verification tools currently support only a narrow class of specifications, typically expressed as low-level constraints over raw inputs and outputs. This limitation significantly hinders their adoption and practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yizhak Y. Elboher , Reuven Peleg , Zhouxing Shi , Guy Katz , Jan Křetínský

AI Safety is a major concern in many deep learning applications such as autonomous driving. Given a trained deep learning model, an important natural problem is how to reliably verify the model's prediction. In this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tong Che , Xiaofeng Liu , Site Li , Yubin Ge , Ruixiang Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Yoshua Bengio

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have emerged as an effective approach to tackling real-world problems. However, like human-written software, DNNs are susceptible to bugs and attacks. This has generated significant interests in developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Hai Duong , Dong Xu , ThanhVu Nguyen , Matthew B. Dwyer

Deep neural networks are widely used for nonlinear function approximation with applications ranging from computer vision to control. Although these networks involve the composition of simple arithmetic operations, it can be very challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Changliu Liu , Tomer Arnon , Christopher Lazarus , Christopher Strong , Clark Barrett , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We study the problem of formal verification of Binarized Neural Networks (BNN), which have recently been proposed as a energy-efficient alternative to traditional learning networks. The verification of BNNs, using the reduction to hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Chih-Hong Cheng , Georg Nührenberg , Chung-Hao Huang , Harald Ruess

Deep neural networks are revolutionizing the way complex systems are developed. However, these automatically-generated networks are opaque to humans, making it difficult to reason about them and guarantee their correctness. Here, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yuval Jacoby , Clark Barrett , Guy Katz

As deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, there is a growing concern for their reliability. Even highly trained, high-performant networks are not 100% accurate. However, it is very difficult to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Eduard Pinconschi , Divya Gopinath , Rui Abreu , Corina S. Pasareanu

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge, such as specifications implicitly available in the data. Various neural…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Thomas Flinkow , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Rosemary Monahan

As a new programming paradigm, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been increasingly deployed in practice, but the lack of robustness hinders their applications in safety-critical domains. While there are techniques for verifying DNNs with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jiaxiang Liu , Yunhan Xing , Xiaomu Shi , Fu Song , Zhiwu Xu , Zhong Ming

Pruning neural networks has proven to be a successful approach to increase the efficiency and reduce the memory storage of deep learning models without compromising performance. Previous literature has shown that it is possible to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Joaquin Alvarez

A wide range of verification methods have been proposed to verify the safety properties of deep neural networks ensuring that the networks function correctly in critical applications. However, many well-known verification tools still…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yuyi Zhong , Ruiwei Wang , Siau-Cheng Khoo

This paper introduces several techniques that improve the scalability of the deductive verification of data-level programs working on arrays and matrices. First of all, we introduce a technique to rewrite expressions with (nested)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lars B. van den Haak , Anton Wijs , Marieke Huisman

The widespread adoption of deep neural networks (DNNs) requires efficient techniques for verifying their safety. DNN verifiers are complex tools, which might contain bugs that could compromise their soundness and undermine the reliability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Omri Isac , Idan Refaeli , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Guy Katz

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become popular in a variety of applications such as image processing, data classification, speech recognition, and as controllers in autonomous systems. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Sara Mohammadinejad , Brandon Paulsen , Chao Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Neural networks are one of the most investigated and widely used techniques in Machine Learning. In spite of their success, they still find limited application in safety- and security-related contexts, wherein assurance about networks'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Francesco Leofante , Nina Narodytska , Luca Pulina , Armando Tacchella

The numerical solution of differential equations using neural networks has become a central topic in scientific computing, with Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) emerging as a powerful paradigm for both forward and inverse problems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kazuaki Tanaka , Kohei Yatabe

Deep neural networks have been widely adopted in many vision and robotics applications with visual inputs. It is essential to verify its robustness against semantic transformation perturbations, such as brightness and contrast. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hanjiang Hu , Bowei Li , Ziwei Wang , Tianhao Wei , Casidhe Hutchison , Eric Sample , Changliu Liu

In sequential decision making, neural networks (NNs) are nowadays commonly used to represent and learn the agent's policy. This area of application has implied new software quality assessment challenges that traditional validation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Q. Mazouni , H. Spieker , A. Gotlieb , M. Acher

We describe a method for verifying the output of a deep neural network for medical image segmentation that is robust to several classes of random as well as worst-case perturbations i.e. adversarial attacks. This method is based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Fahim Ahmed Zaman , Xiaodong Wu , Weiyu Xu , Milan Sonka , Raghuraman Mudumbai

We consider the problem of whether a Neural Network (NN) model satisfies global individual fairness. Individual Fairness suggests that similar individuals with respect to a certain task are to be treated similarly by the decision model. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Haitham Khedr , Yasser Shoukry