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Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems improve accuracy by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, recent research has revealed RAG's susceptibility to poisoning attacks, where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Baolei Zhang , Haoran Xin , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Biao Yi , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

In recent years, tremendous success has been witnessed in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), widely used to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in domain-specific, knowledge-intensive, and privacy-sensitive tasks. However, attackers may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Peizhuo Lv , Mengjie Sun , Hao Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Shengzhi Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Kai Chen , Limin Sun

Recent advancements in Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains. While they exhibit strong zero-shot performance on various tasks, LLMs' effectiveness in music-related applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Daeyong Kwon , SeungHeon Doh , Juhan Nam

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and its Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) significantly improve the knowledge coverage and contextual understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs) by introducing external knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shixuan Sun , Siyuan Liang , Ruoyu Chen , Jianjie Huang , Jingzhi Li , Xiaochun Cao

The paradigm of retrieval-augmented generated (RAG) helps mitigate hallucinations of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG also introduces biases contained within the retrieved documents. These biases can be amplified in scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Bryan Li , Fiona Luo , Samar Haider , Adwait Agashe , Tammy Li , Runqi Liu , Muqing Miao , Shriya Ramakrishnan , Yuan Yuan , Chris Callison-Burch

Knowing that the generative capabilities of large language models (LLM) are sometimes hampered by tendencies to hallucinate or create non-factual responses, researchers have increasingly focused on methods to ground generated outputs in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sonal Prabhune , Donald J. Berndt

The robustness of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly crucial as their applicability expands across various domains and real-world applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Jeongyeon Seo , Taeho Hwang , Jong C. Park

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the public health policy sector offers a transformative approach to navigating the vast repositories of regulatory guidance maintained by agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Anuj Maharjan , Umesh Yadav

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to impressive progress in natural language generation, yet their tendency to produce hallucinated or unsubstantiated content remains a critical concern. To improve factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xukai Liu , Ye Liu , Shiwen Wu , Yanghai Zhang , Yihao Yuan , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu

Medical question-answering (QA) systems can benefit from advances in large language models (LLMs), but directly applying LLMs to the clinical domain poses challenges such as maintaining factual accuracy and avoiding hallucinations. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tasnimul Hassan , Md Faisal Karim , Haziq Jeelani , Elham Behnam , Robert Green , Fayeq Jeelani Syed

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

With the rapid advancements of large-scale text-to-image diffusion models, various practical applications have emerged, bringing significant convenience to society. However, model developers may misuse the unauthorized data to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Qiao Li , Xiaomeng Fu , Xi Wang , Jin Liu , Xingyu Gao , Jiao Dai , Jizhong Han

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. Although there are have been numerous methods developed for detecting data contamination in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anton Emelyanov , Sergei Kudriashov , Alena Fenogenova

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources. This method addresses common LLM limitations, including outdated information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yuanjie Lyu , Zhiyu Li , Simin Niu , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Wenjin Wang , Hao Wu , Huanyong Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge to generate a response within a context with improved accuracy and reduced hallucinations. However, multi-modal RAG systems face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is considered to be a promising approach to alleviate the hallucination issue of large language models (LLMs), and it has received widespread attention from researchers recently. Due to the limitation in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengran Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

In Large Language Models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems can significantly enhance the performance of large language models by integrating external knowledge. However, RAG also introduces new security risks. Existing research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Laiqiao Qin , Longxiang Gao , Wanlei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate human-level capabilities in dialogue, reasoning, and knowledge retention. However, even the most advanced LLMs face challenges such as hallucinations and real-time updating of their knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xuanwang Zhang , Yunze Song , Yidong Wang , Shuyun Tang , Xinfeng Li , Zhengran Zeng , Zhen Wu , Wei Ye , Wenyuan Xu , Yue Zhang , Xinyu Dai , Shikun Zhang , Qingsong Wen

Large-scale language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various language tasks but suffer from hallucinations and temporal misalignment. To mitigate these shortcomings, Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhongzhen Huang , Kui Xue , Yongqi Fan , Linjie Mu , Ruoyu Liu , Tong Ruan , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang