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In the domain of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has been recognized for its innovative ability to adapt to new tasks, relying on examples rather than retraining or fine-tuning. This paper delves into the critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pengfei He , Han Xu , Yue Xing , Hui Liu , Makoto Yamada , Jiliang Tang

Generative language models have improved drastically, and can now produce realistic text outputs that are difficult to distinguish from human-written content. For malicious actors, these language models bring the promise of automating the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Josh A. Goldstein , Girish Sastry , Micah Musser , Renee DiResta , Matthew Gentzel , Katerina Sedova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, largely attributed to the intricate alignment process using human feedback. While alignment has become an essential training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

Document summarization, as a fundamental task in natural language generation, aims to generate a short and coherent summary for a given document. Controllable summarization, especially of the length, is an important issue for some practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Mingyang Song , Yi Feng , Liping Jing

In this paper, we propose an adversarial process for abstractive text summarization, in which we simultaneously train a generative model G and a discriminative model D. In particular, we build the generator G as an agent of reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Linqing Liu , Yao Lu , Min Yang , Qiang Qu , Jia Zhu , Hongyan Li

Recent studies have shown that deep learning models are very vulnerable to poisoning attacks. Many defense methods have been proposed to address this issue. However, traditional poisoning attacks are not as threatening as commonly believed.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuhao He , Jinyu Tian , Xianwei Zheng , Li Dong , Yuanman Li , Jiantao Zhou

To guarantee safe and robust deployment of large language models (LLMs) at scale, it is critical to accurately assess their adversarial robustness. Existing adversarial attacks typically target harmful responses in single-point greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Tim Beyer , Yan Scholten , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Text summarization condenses a text to a shorter version while retaining the important informations. Abstractive summarization is a recent development that generates new phrases, rather than simply copying or rephrasing sentences within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-06 André Cibils , Claudiu Musat , Andreea Hossman , Michael Baeriswyl

Steering vectors are a lightweight method for controlling text properties by adding a learned bias to language model activations at inference time. While predominantly studied for multiple-choice and toy tasks, their effectiveness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joschka Braun , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

Recent works show that text-to-image generative models are surprisingly vulnerable to a variety of poisoning attacks. Empirical results find that these models can be corrupted by altering associations between individual text prompts and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Wenxin Ding , Cathy Y. Li , Shawn Shan , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

Opinion summarisation aims to summarise the salient information and opinions presented in documents such as product reviews, discussion forums, and social media texts into short summaries that enable users to effectively understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Nannan Huang , Haytham Fayek , Xiuzhen Zhang

Current neural network-based methods to the problem of document summarisation struggle when applied to datasets containing large inputs. In this paper we propose a new approach to the challenge of content-selection when dealing with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Maciej Zembrzuski , Saad Mahamood

We introduce a new approach for abstractive text summarization, Topic-Guided Abstractive Summarization, which calibrates long-range dependencies from topic-level features with globally salient content. The idea is to incorporate neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Chujie Zheng , Kunpeng Zhang , Harry Jiannan Wang , Ling Fan , Zhe Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

Machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to poisoning attacks: An adversary can inject malicious points in the training dataset to influence the learning process and degrade the algorithm's performance. Optimal poisoning attacks have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Luis Muñoz-González , Bjarne Pfitzner , Matteo Russo , Javier Carnerero-Cano , Emil C. Lupu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked significant achievements in language processing and reasoning capabilities. Despite their advancements, LLMs face vulnerabilities to data poisoning attacks, where the adversary inserts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Saleh Zare Zade , Mohammad Amin Roshani , Prashant Khanduri , Douglas Zytko , Dongxiao Zhu

A vast amount of textual data is added to the internet daily, making utilization and interpretation of such data difficult and cumbersome. As a result, automatic text summarization is crucial for extracting relevant information, saving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Naman Chhibbar , Jugal Kalita

Text summarization in medicine can help doctors for reducing the time to access important information from countless documents. The paper offers a supervised extractive summarization method based on conditional generative adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Seyed Vahid Moravvej , Abdolreza Mirzaei , Mehran Safayani