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In this tutorial we introduce the reader to several theoretical methods of determining the exciton wave functions and the corresponding eigenenergies. The methods covered are either analytical, semi-analytical, or numeric. We make explicit…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-28 M. F. C. Martins Quintela , J. C. G. Henriques , N. M. R. Peres

In this paper we develop a semi-analytical perturbation-theory approach to the calculation of the energy levels (binding energies) and wave functions of excitons in phosphorene. Our method gives both the exciton wave function in real and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-14 J. C. G. Henriques , N. M. R. Peres

To fully explore exciton-based applications and improve their performance, it is essential to understand the exciton behavior in anisotropic materials. Here, we investigate the optical properties of anisotropic excitons in GeS encapsulated…

An excitonic insulator phase is expected to arise from the spontaneous formation of electron-hole pairs (excitons) in semiconductors where the exciton binding energy exceeds the size of the electronic band gap. At low temperature, these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-02 Selene Mor , Marc Herzog , Claude Monney , Julia Stähler

We present an efficient implementation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) method for obtaining core-level spectra including x-ray absorption (XAS), x-ray emission (XES), and both resonant and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-01-29 K. Gilmore , John Vinson , E. L. Shirley , D. Prendergast , C. D. Pemmaraju , J. J. Kas , F. D. Vila , J. J. Rehr

Excitons -- bound electron-hole pairs -- play a central role in light-matter interaction phenomena, and are crucial for wide-ranging applications from light harvesting and generation to quantum information processing. A long-standing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Jenny Hu , Etienne Lorchat , Xueqi Chen , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Tony F. Heinz , Puneet A. Murthy , Thibault Chervy

The concept of \textit{optical} exciton - a photo-excited bound electron-hole pair within a crystal - is routinely used to interpret and model a wealth of excited-state phenomena in semiconductors. Beside originating sub-band gap signatures…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-09-21 Fulvio Paleari , Andrea Marini

Excitons -- elementary excitations formed by bound electron-hole pairs -- govern the optical properties and excited-state dynamics of materials. In two-dimensions (2D), excitons are theoretically predicted to have a linear energy-momentum…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-03-14 Luna Y. Liu , Steffi Y. Woo , Jinyuan Wu , Bowen Hou , Cong Su , Diana Y. Qiu

The momentum-space signatures of excitons can be experimentally accessed through time-resolved (pump-probe) photoelectron spectroscopy. In this work, we develop a computational framework for exciton photoemission orbital tomography (exPOT)…

The Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) can be applied to compute from first-principles optical spectra that include the effects of screened electron-hole interactions. As input, BSE calculations require single-particle states, quasiparticle…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-01-01 Joshua Elliott , Nicola Colonna , Margherita Marsili , Nicola Marzari , Paolo Umari

We use state-of-the art GW-BSE formalism to study electronic structure and optical properties of oxygen vacancies in $\alpha$-alumina. Many body perturbation theory within GW approximation in recent years have been used extensively to study…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-17 Tathagata Biswas , Manish Jain

A theoretical model is developed for treating super conductive Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) effects for excitons in planar systems, under the condition that many excitons are included in a surface area, with the dimensions of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Y. Ben-Aryeh

External fields are a powerful tool to probe optical excitations in a material. The linear energy shift of an excitation in a magnetic field is quantified by its effective g-factor. Here we show how exciton g-factors and their sign can be…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-01 Tomasz Woźniak , Paulo E. Faria Junior , Gotthard Seifert , Andrey Chaves , Jens Kunstmann

It is well-known that exciton effects are determinant to understand the optical absorption spectrum of low-dimensional materials. However, the role of excitons in nonlinear optical responses has been much less investigated at an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 J. J. Esteve-Paredes , M. A. García-Blázquez , A. J. Uría-Álvarez , M. Camarasa-Gómez , J. J. Palacios

Excitons, quasiparticles of electrons and holes bound by Coulombic attraction, are created transiently by light and play an important role in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and photosynthesis. While they are also predicted to form…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-29 Keisuke Fukutani , Roland Stania , Chang Il Kwon , Jun Sung Kim , Ki Jeong Kong , Jaeyoung Kim , Han Woong Yeom

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism is steadily asserting itself as a new efficient and accurate tool in the ensemble of computational methods available to chemists in order to predict optical excitations in molecular systems. In…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xavier Blase , Ivan Duchemin , Denis Jacquemin , Pierre-François Loos

Solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for the optical polarization functions is a first principles means to model optical properties of materials including excitonic effects. One almost ubiquitously used approximation neglects the…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-07-11 Xiao Zhang , Joshua A. Leveillee , André Schleife

In this work we present a new procedure to compute optical spectra including excitonic effects and approximated quasiparticle corrections with reduced computational effort. The excitonic effects on optical spectra are included by solving…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-26 Filipe Matusalem , Marcelo Marques , Ivan Guilhon , Lara K. Teles

State-of-the-art methods for calculating neutral excitation energies are typically demanding and limited to single electron-hole pairs and their composite plasmons. Here we introduce excitonic density-functional theory (XDFT) a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-01-09 Subhayan Roychoudhury , Stefano Sanvito , David D. O'Regan

Excitons are bound electron-hole pairs that dominate the optical response of semiconductors and insulators, especially in materials where the Coulomb interaction is weakly screened. Light absorption (including excitonic effects) has been…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-08-21 Hsiao-Yi Chen , Vatsal A. Jhalani , Maurizia Palummo , Marco Bernardi