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This paper examines the opportunities, limitations, and practical considerations associated with the use of large language models (LLMs) in qualitative research. Drawing on a multidisciplinary perspective that combines expertise in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio , Alexandra Coso Strong

Ethical aspects of research in language technologies have received much attention recently. It is a standard practice to get a study involving human subjects reviewed and approved by a professional ethics committee/board of the institution.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sebastin Santy , Anku Rani , Monojit Choudhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown powerful performance and development prospects and are widely deployed in the real world. However, LLMs can capture social biases from unprocessed training data and propagate the biases to downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yingji Li , Mengnan Du , Rui Song , Xin Wang , Ying Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming mental health care by enhancing accessibility, personalization, and efficiency in therapeutic interventions. These AI-driven tools empower mental health professionals with real-time support,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hari Mohan Pandey

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced capabilities in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. These models, including GPT-3.5 and LLaMA-2, have revolutionized text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yunhong He , Jianling Qiu , Wei Zhang , Zhengqing Yuan

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in mental health and other sensitive domains raises urgent questions about ethical reasoning, fairness, and responsible alignment. Yet, existing benchmarks for moral and clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sai Kartheek Reddy Kasu

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) requires robust evaluation of their alignment with local values and ethical standards, especially as existing benchmarks often reflect the cultural, legal, and ideological values of their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gwenyth Isobel Meadows , Nicholas Wai Long Lau , Eva Adelina Susanto , Chi Lok Yu , Aditya Paul

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant trustworthiness and ethical concerns. Despite the widespread adoption of LLMs across domains, there is still no clear consensus on how to define and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 José Siqueira de Cerqueira , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

One open question in the study of Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether they can emulate human ethical reasoning and act as believable proxies for human judgment. To investigate this, we introduce a benchmark dataset comprising 196…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiashen , Du , Jesse Yao , Allen Liu , Zhekai Zhang

With the rise and widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their safety is crucial to prevent harm to humans and promote ethical behaviors. However, directly assessing value valence (i.e., support or oppose) by leveraging…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yuxi Sun , Wei Gao , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Wenxuan Zhang

Much of the existing research on the social and ethical impact of Artificial Intelligence has been focused on defining ethical principles and guidelines surrounding Machine Learning (ML) and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Alexandra Luccioni , Yoshua Bengio

This paper explores the frontiers of large language models (LLMs) in psychology applications. Psychology has undergone several theoretical changes, and the current use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, particularly LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Luoma Ke , Song Tong , Peng Cheng , Kaiping Peng

ETHICS is probably the most-cited dataset for testing the ethical capabilities of language models. Drawing on moral theory, psychology, and prompt evaluation, we interrogate the validity of the ETHICS benchmark. Adding to prior work, our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Leif Hancox-Li , Borhane Blili-Hamelin

Despite the recent strides in large language models, studies have underscored the existence of social biases within these systems. In this paper, we delve into the validation and comparison of the ethical biases of LLMs concerning globally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Seunguk Yu , Juhwan Choi , Youngbin Kim

We review discourses about the philosophy of science in qualitative research and evidence from cognitive linguistics in order to ground a framework for discussing the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to support the qualitative analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-17 James Eschrich , Sarah Sterman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software engineering (SE) tools for tasks that extend beyond code synthesis, including judgment under uncertainty and reasoning in ethically significant contexts. We present a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Patrizio Migliarini , Mashal Afzal Memon , Marco Autili , Paola Inverardi

This survey paper outlines the key developments in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), including enhancements to their reasoning skills, adaptability to various tasks, increased computational efficiency, and the ability to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Asifullah Khan , Muhammad Zaeem Khan , Aleesha Zainab , Saleha Jamshed , Sadia Ahmad , Kaynat Khatib , Faria Bibi , Abdul Rehman

In the fast-evolving domain of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 and GPT-4 are revolutionizing the landscapes of finance, healthcare, and law: domains characterized by their reliance on professional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Jing Ma , Xinlu Zhang , Nan Hao , An Yan , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xianjun Yang , Julian McAuley , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang

AI-based systems, including Large Language Models (LLM), impact millions by supporting diverse tasks but face issues like misinformation, bias, and misuse. AI ethics is crucial as new technologies and concerns emerge, but objective,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 José Antonio Siqueira de Cerqueira , Mamia Agbese , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large language models of artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, find remarkable but controversial applicability in science and research. This paper reviews epistemological challenges, ethical and integrity risks in science conduct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Evangelos Pournaras