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Today, hate speech classification from Arabic tweets has drawn the attention of several researchers. Many systems and techniques have been developed to resolve this classification task. Nevertheless, two of the major challenges faced in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Kheir Eddine Daouadi , Yaakoub Boualleg , Kheir Eddine Haouaouchi

Few forces rival fear in their ability to mobilize societies, distort communication, and reshape collective behavior. In computational linguistics, fear is primarily studied as an emotion, but not as a distinct form of speech. Fear speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Vigneshwaran Shankaran , Gabriella Lapesa , Claudia Wagner

The goal of hate speech detection is to filter negative online content aiming at certain groups of people. Due to the easy accessibility of social media platforms it is crucial to protect everyone which requires building hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Irina Bigoulaeva , Viktor Hangya , Iryna Gurevych , Alexander Fraser

In the past decade, social media platforms have been used for information dissemination and consumption. While a major portion of the content is posted to promote citizen journalism and public awareness, some content is posted to mislead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Firoj Alam , Md. Rafiul Biswas , Uzair Shah , Wajdi Zaghouani , Georgios Mikros

Harmful speech has various forms and it has been plaguing the social media in different ways. If we need to crackdown different degrees of hate speech and abusive behavior amongst it, the classification needs to be based on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Sanjana Sharma , Saksham Agrawal , Manish Shrivastava

The exponential increase in the use of the Internet and social media over the last two decades has changed human interaction. This has led to many positive outcomes, but at the same time it has brought risks and harms. While the volume of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Neeraj Vashistha , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Shanky Sharma

Hate speech detection is a crucial task, especially on social media, where harmful content can spread quickly. Implementing machine learning models to automatically identify and address hate speech is essential for mitigating its impact and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Somaiyeh Dehghan , Mehmet Umut Sen , Berrin Yanikoglu

Twitter is one of the most popular online micro-blogging and social networking platforms. This platform allows individuals to freely express opinions and interact with others regardless of geographic barriers. However, with the good that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nazanin Salehabadi , Anne Groggel , Mohit Singhal , Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

This paper focuses on the task of measuring and forecasting incivility in conversations following replies to hate speech. Identifying replies that steer conversations away from hatred and elicit civil follow-up conversations sheds light…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Xinchen Yu , Hayden Arnold , Benjamin Su , Eduardo Blanco

Automatic identification of hateful and abusive content is vital in combating the spread of harmful online content and its damaging effects. Most existing works evaluate models by examining the generalization error on train-test splits on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Lanqin Yuan , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Hate speech, offensive language, sexism, racism and other types of abusive behavior have become a common phenomenon in many online social media platforms. In recent years, such diverse abusive behaviors have been manifesting with increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Antigoni-Maria Founta , Despoina Chatzakou , Nicolas Kourtellis , Jeremy Blackburn , Athena Vakali , Ilias Leontiadis

Among the topics discussed on social media, some spark more heated debate than others. For example, experience suggests that major political events, such as a vote for healthcare law in the US, would spark more debate between opposing sides…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Kiran Garimella , Gianmarco De Francisci Morales , Aristides Gionis , Michael Mathioudakis

The present online social media platform is afflicted with several issues, with hate speech being on the predominant forefront. The prevalence of online hate speech has fueled horrific real-world hate-crime such as the mass-genocide of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Binny Mathew , Ritam Dutt , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Automatic hate speech detection in online social networks is an important open problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Hate speech is a multidimensional issue, strongly dependant on language and cultural factors. Despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Aymé Arango , Jorge Pérez , Barbara Poblete

This paper investigates how hate speech varies in systematic ways according to the identities it targets. Across multiple hate speech datasets annotated for targeted identities, we find that classifiers trained on hate speech targeting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Michael Miller Yoder , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , David West Brown , Kathleen M. Carley

Hateful meme classification is a challenging multimodal task that requires complex reasoning and contextual background knowledge. Ideally, we could leverage an explicit external knowledge base to supplement contextual and cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Wen-Haw Chong , Jing Jiang

The detection of offensive, hateful and profane language has become a critical challenge since many users in social networks are exposed to cyberbullying activities on a daily basis. In this paper, we present an analysis of combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Sherzod Hakimov , Ralph Ewerth

Online hate messaging is a pervasive issue plaguing the well-being of social media users. This research empirically investigates a novel theory positing that online hate may be driven primarily by the pursuit of social approval rather than…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Julie Jiang , Luca Luceri , Joseph B. Walther , Emilio Ferrara

With the rise of online hate speech, automatic detection of Hate Speech, Offensive texts as a natural language processing task is getting popular. However, very little research has been done to detect unintended social bias from these toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nihar Sahoo , Himanshu Gupta , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Subtle and indirect hate speech remains an underexplored challenge in online safety research, particularly when harmful intent is embedded within misleading or manipulative narratives. Existing hate speech datasets primarily capture overt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sai Kartheek Reddy Kasu , Shankar Biradar , Sunil Saumya , Md. Shad Akhtar