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The dynamical spreading of quantum information through a many-body system, typically called scrambling, is a complex process that has proven to be essential to describe many properties of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems. Scrambling can,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Philip Daniel Blocher , Karthik Chinni , Sivaprasad Omanakuttan , Pablo M. Poggi

Out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs) and their higher-order generalizations present important probes of quantum information dynamics and scrambling. We introduce a solvable many-body quantum model, which we term boundary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Felix Fritzsch , Gabriel O. Alves , Michael A. Rampp , Pieter W. Claeys

Quantum Entanglement is a fundamentally important resource in Quantum Information Science; however, generating it in practice is plagued by noise and decoherence, limiting its utility. Entanglement distillation and forward error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Vaishnavi L. Addala , Shu Ge , Stefan Krastanov

The idea of the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has recently emerged in the study of both condensed matter systems and gravitational systems. It not only plays a key role in investigating the holographic duality between a strongly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-26 Jun Li , Ruihua Fan , Hengyan Wang , Bingtian Ye , Bei Zeng , Hui Zhai , Xinhua Peng , Jiangfeng Du

In a fast scrambling many-body quantum system, information is spread and entanglement is built up on a timescale that grows logarithmically with the system size. This is of fundamental interest in understanding the dynamics of many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-07 Sridevi Kuriyattil , Tomohiro Hashizume , Gregory Bentsen , Andrew J. Daley

The study of quantum circuits composed of commuting gates is particularly useful to understand the delicate boundary between quantum and classical computation. Indeed, while being a restricted class, commuting circuits exhibit genuine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 Xiaotong Ni , Maarten Van den Nest

We study information scrambling -- a spread of initially localized quantum information into the system's many degree of freedom -- in discrete-time quantum walks. We consider out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) and K-complexity as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Himanshu Sahu

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) are a quantifier of quantum information scrambling and quantum chaos. We propose an efficient quantum algorithm to measure OTOCs that provides an exponential speed-up over the best known classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Sreeram PG , Naga Dileep Varikuti , Vaibhav Madhok

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

Floquet quantum circuits are able to realise a wide range of non-equilibrium quantum states, exhibiting quantum chaos, topological order and localisation. In this work, we investigate the stability of operator localisation and emergence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Marcell D. Kovács , Christopher J. Turner , Lluis Masanes , Arijeet Pal

Quantum simulation traditionally relies on unitary dynamics, inherently imposing efficiency constraints on the generation of intricate entangled states. In principle, these limitations can be superseded by non-unitary, dynamic circuits.…

Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

Quantum entanglement is an essential feature of many-body systems that impacts both quantum information processing and fundamental physics. The growth of entanglement is a major challenge for classical simulation methods. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Qi Zhao , You Zhou , Andrew M. Childs

Out-of-Time-Ordered Commutators (OTOCs), representing a key diagnostic for scrambling as a facet of short-time quantum chaos, have attracted wide-ranging interest, from many-body physics to quantum gravity. By means of a suitable form of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-24 Fabian Haneder , Gerrit Caspari , Juan Diego Urbina , Klaus Richter

Out-of-Time-Order Correlators (OTOCs) serve as a proxy for quantum information scrambling, which refers to the process where information stored locally disperses across the many-body degrees of freedom in a quantum system, rendering it…

We extend the concept of Anderson localization, the confinement of quantum information in a spatially irregular potential, to quantum circuits. Considering matchgate circuits, generated by time-dependent spin-1/2 XY Hamiltonians, we give an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Adrian Chapman , Akimasa Miyake

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have proven to be a useful tool for studying thermalisation in quantum systems. In particular, the exponential growth of OTOCS, or scrambling, is sometimes taken as an indicator of chaos in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 R. A. Kidd , A. Safavi-Naini , J. F. Corney

Quantum observables in the form of few-point correlators are the key to characterizing the dynamics of quantum many-body systems. In dynamics with fast entanglement generation, quantum observables generally become insensitive to the details…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Dmitry A. Abanin , Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie-Beni , Georg Aigeldinger , Ashok Ajoy , Ross Alcaraz , Igor Aleiner , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Christian Bengs , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Dylan Bowers , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Liang-Ying Chih , Desmond Chik , Charina Chou , Jahan Claes , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Saul Cohen , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Laura De Lorenzo , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Michel Devoret , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Clint Earle , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Elie Genois , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Hanfeng Gu , Steve Habegger , John Hall , Ikko Hamamura , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Gordon Hill , Jeremy Hilton , Sabrina Hong , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Xiaoxuan Jin , Cody Jones , Stephen Jordan , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Andreas Kabel , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Robbie King , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Bryce Kobrin , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , Robin Kothari , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Elica Kyoseva , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Loick Le Guevel , Justin Ledford , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Yuri D. Lensky , Shannon Leon , Brian J. Lester , Wing Yan Li , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Fionn D. Malone , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandra , James M. Manyika , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Steven Martin , Yossi Matias , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Amanda Mieszala , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ramis Movassagh , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Logan Oas , Thomas E. O'Brien , William D. Oliver , Alex Opremcak , Kristoffer Ottosson , Andre Petukhov , Alex Pizzuto , John Platt , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Chandrasekhar Ramanathan , Matthew J. Reagor , John Redding , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Alexander Schmidhuber , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Thomas Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Volodymyr Sivak , Jindra Skruzny , Spencer Small , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , Rolando D. Somma , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Jordan Suchard , Philippe Suchsland , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Eifu Tomita , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Kate Weber , Travis Weidel , Tom Westerhout , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Chongwei Zhang , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist

Various algorithms have been developed to simulate quantum circuits on classical hardware. Among the most prominent are approaches based on \emph{stabilizer decompositions} and \emph{tensor network contraction}. In this work, we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Julien Codsi , Tuomas Laakkonen

We study quantum information scrambling in spin models with both long-range all-to-all and short-range interactions. We argue that a simple global, spatially homogeneous interaction together with local chaotic dynamics is sufficient to give…