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Artificial neural networks (ANNs), originally inspired by biological neural networks (BNNs), have achieved remarkable successes in many tasks such as visual representation learning. However, whether there exists semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Lin Zhao , Haixing Dai , Zihao Wu , Zhenxiang Xiao , Lu Zhang , David Weizhong Liu , Xintao Hu , Xi Jiang , Sheng Li , Dajiang Zhu , Tianming Liu

As our understanding of the mechanisms of brain function is enhanced, the value of insights gained from neuroscience to the development of AI algorithms deserves further consideration. Here, we draw parallels with an existing tree-based ANN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities on not just language tasks, but also various tasks that are not linguistic in nature, such as logical reasoning and social inference. In the human brain, neuroscience has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as an essential tool in machine learning, achieving remarkable success across diverse domains, including image and speech generation, game playing, and robotics. However, there exist…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Samuel Schmidgall , Jascha Achterberg , Thomas Miconi , Louis Kirsch , Rojin Ziaei , S. Pardis Hajiseyedrazi , Jason Eshraghian

The relation between large-scale brain structure and function is an outstanding open problem in neuroscience. We approach this problem by studying the dynamical regime under which realistic spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity emerge…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-05-27 Ariel Haimovici , Enzo Tagliazucchi , Pablo Balenzuela , Dante R. Chialvo

This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) mirror human neurocognition during abstract reasoning. We compared the performance and neural representations of human participants with those of eight open-source LLMs on an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-15 Christopher Pinier , Sonia Acuña Vargas , Mariia Steeghs-Turchina , Dora Matzke , Claire E. Stevenson , Michael D. Nunez

Traditional psychological experiments utilizing naturalistic stimuli face challenges in manual annotation and ecological validity. To address this, we introduce a novel paradigm leveraging multimodal large language models (LLMs) as proxies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xin Liu , Ziyue Zhang , Jingxin Nie

Artificial and biological systems may evolve similar computational solutions despite fundamental differences in architecture and learning mechanisms -- a form of convergent evolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon through large-scale…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Logical relations widely exist in human activities. Human use them for making judgement and decision according to various conditions, which are embodied in the form of \emph{if-then} rules. As an important kind of cognitive intelligence, it…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Gang Wang

Over the past decade, studies of naturalistic language processing where participants are scanned while listening to continuous text have flourished. Using word embeddings at first, then large language models, researchers have created…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Laurent Bonnasse-Gahot , Christophe Pallier

One goal of AI (and AGI) is to identify and understand specific mechanisms and representations sufficient for general intelligence. Often, this work manifests in research focused on architectures and many cognitive architectures have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Robert E. Wray , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird

Cognitive science and neuroscience have long faced the challenge of disentangling representations of language from representations of conceptual meaning. As the same problem arises in today's language models (LMs), we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Maria Ryskina , Greta Tuckute , Alexander Fung , Ashley Malkin , Evelina Fedorenko

People acquire concepts through rich physical and social experiences and use them to understand and navigate the world. In contrast, large language models (LLMs), trained solely through next-token prediction on text, exhibit strikingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ningyu Xu , Qi Zhang , Chao Du , Qiang Luo , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Menghan Zhang

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on multiple-choice question answering benchmarks, but the complex mechanisms underlying their large-scale neurons remain opaque, posing significant challenges for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Wenjie Li , Guansong Pang , Hezhe Qiao , Debin Gao , David Lo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing and has demonstrated its ability to perform a wide range of cognitive tasks, including language processing, visual recognition, and decision-making. Part of this progress is due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Hernan Ceferino Vazquez

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were inspired by the architecture and functions of the human brain and have revolutionised the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Inspired by studies on the latent geometry of the brain, in this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Alexander Joseph , Nathan Francis , Meijke Balay

Analogical reasoning is at the core of human cognition, serving as an important foundation for a variety of intellectual activities. While prior work has shown that LLMs can represent task patterns and surface-level concepts, it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Taewhoo Lee , Minju Song , Chanwoong Yoon , Jungwoo Park , Jaewoo Kang

Large language models (LLMs) are advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can perform a variety of tasks commonly found in human intelligence tests, such as defining words, performing calculations, and engaging in verbal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 David Ilić , Gilles E. Gignac

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in text comprehension and logical reasoning, indicating that the text representations learned by LLMs can facilitate their language processing capabilities. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuqi Ren , Renren Jin , Tongxuan Zhang , Deyi Xiong

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) inspired by biology are beginning to be widely used to model behavioral and neural data, an approach we call neuroconnectionism. ANNs have been lauded as the current best models of information processing in…