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Humans rely on effective representations to learn from few examples and abstract useful information from sensory data. Inducing such representations in machine learning models has been shown to improve their performance on various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Raja Marjieh , Sreejan Kumar , Declan Campbell , Liyi Zhang , Gianluca Bencomo , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

Unintended bias in Machine Learning can manifest as systemic differences in performance for different demographic groups, potentially compounding existing challenges to fairness in society at large. In this paper, we introduce a suite of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Daniel Borkan , Lucas Dixon , Jeffrey Sorensen , Nithum Thain , Lucy Vasserman

Estimating Mutual Information (MI), a key measure of dependence of random quantities without specific modelling assumptions, is a challenging problem in high dimensions. We propose a novel mutual information estimator based on parametrizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Haoran Ni , Martin Lotz

It is tempting to think that machines are less prone to unfairness and prejudice. However, machine learning approaches compute their outputs based on data. While biases can enter at any stage of the development pipeline, models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Despite the recent success in probabilistic modeling and their applications, generative models trained using traditional inference techniques struggle to adapt to new distributions, even when the target distribution may be closely related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Mike Wu , Kristy Choi , Noah Goodman , Stefano Ermon

Generative models can be trained to emulate complex empirical data, but are they useful to make predictions in the context of previously unobserved environments? An intuitive idea to promote such extrapolation capabilities is to have the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Michel Besserve , Rémy Sun , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Disentangled representations can be useful in many downstream tasks, help to make deep learning models more interpretable, and allow for control over features of synthetically generated images that can be useful in training other models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Aadhithya Sankar , Matthias Keicher , Rami Eisawy , Abhijeet Parida , Franz Pfister , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

Imbalanced classification remains a pervasive challenge in machine learning, particularly when minority samples are too scarce to provide a robust discriminative boundary. In such extreme scenarios, conventional models often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hongfei Wu , Ruijian Han , Yancheng Yuan

Statistical evaluation aims to estimate the generalization performance of a model using held-out i.i.d.\ test data sampled from the ground-truth distribution. In supervised learning settings such as classification, performance metrics such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shashaank Aiyer , Yishay Mansour , Shay Moran , Han Shao

A large part of the literature on learning disentangled representations focuses on variational autoencoders (VAE). Recent developments demonstrate that disentanglement cannot be obtained in a fully unsupervised setting without inductive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Graziano Mita , Maurizio Filippone , Pietro Michiardi

Learning rich representation from data is an important task for deep generative models such as variational auto-encoder (VAE). However, by extracting high-level abstractions in the bottom-up inference process, the goal of preserving all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Zhiyuan Li , Jaideep Vitthal Murkute , Prashnna Kumar Gyawali , Linwei Wang

This study addresses the challenge of statistically extracting generative factors from complex, high-dimensional datasets in unsupervised or semi-supervised settings. We investigate encoder-decoder-based generative models for nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-02 Arkaprabha Ganguli , Nesar Ramachandra , Julie Bessac , Emil Constantinescu

The ability to represent and compare machine learning models is crucial in order to quantify subtle model changes, evaluate generative models, and gather insights on neural network architectures. Existing techniques for comparing data…

Revealing latent structure in data is an active field of research, having introduced exciting technologies such as variational autoencoders and adversarial networks, and is essential to push machine learning towards unsupervised knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Daniel C. Castro , Jeremy Tan , Bernhard Kainz , Ender Konukoglu , Ben Glocker

The machine learning community has mainly relied on real data to benchmark algorithms as it provides compelling evidence of model applicability. Evaluation on synthetic datasets can be a powerful tool to provide a better understanding of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Florence Regol , Anja Kroon , Mark Coates

The ability to automatically estimate the quality and coverage of the samples produced by a generative model is a vital requirement for driving algorithm research. We present an evaluation metric that can separately and reliably measure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-31 Tuomas Kynkäänniemi , Tero Karras , Samuli Laine , Jaakko Lehtinen , Timo Aila

We introduce a new generative model where samples are produced via Langevin dynamics using gradients of the data distribution estimated with score matching. Because gradients can be ill-defined and hard to estimate when the data resides on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yang Song , Stefano Ermon

Autoencoders exhibit impressive abilities to embed the data manifold into a low-dimensional latent space, making them a staple of representation learning methods. However, without explicit supervision, which is often unavailable, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Felix Leeb , Stefan Bauer , Michel Besserve , Bernhard Schölkopf

Disentangled latent spaces usually have better semantic separability and geometrical properties, which leads to better interpretability and more controllable data generation. While this has been well investigated in Computer Vision, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yingji Zhang , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Modern generative modeling methods have demonstrated strong performance in learning complex data distributions from clean samples. In many scientific and imaging applications, however, clean samples are unavailable, and only noisy or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Willem Diepeveen , Oscar Leong