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The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

Parameter-efficient tuning (PEFT) techniques like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offer training efficiency on Large Language Models, but their impact on model performance remains limited. Recent efforts integrate LoRA and Mixture-of-Experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chongyang Gao , Kezhen Chen , Jinmeng Rao , Baochen Sun , Ruibo Liu , Daiyi Peng , Yawen Zhang , Xiaoyuan Guo , Jie Yang , VS Subrahmanian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of tasks, but serving them efficiently at scale remains a critical challenge due to their substantial computational and latency demands. While most existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yifan Sun , Gholamreza Haffari , Minxian Xu , Rajkumar Buyya , Adel N. Toosi

Hardware accelerators are key to the efficiency and performance of system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. With high-level synthesis (HLS), designers can easily obtain several performance-cost trade-off implementations for each component of a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Luca Piccolboni , Paolo Mantovani , Giuseppe Di Guglielmo , Luca P. Carloni

Scaling the size of language models usually leads to remarkable advancements in NLP tasks. But it often comes with a price of growing computational cost. Although a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) can reduce the cost by activating a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shwai He , Run-Ze Fan , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Exploiting the heterogeneous capabilities of edge LLMs is crucial for diverse emerging applications, as it…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lyudong Jin , Yanning Zhang , Yanhan Li , Shurong Wang , Howard H. Yang , Jian Wu , Meng Zhang

A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Billy Peralta

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model has emerged as a prominent architecture in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), providing a better balance between model performance and computational efficiency. However the General Matrix Multiply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yulei Qian , Fengcun Li , Xiangyang Ji , Xiaoyu Zhao , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai

Larger transformer models always perform better on various tasks but require more costs to scale up the model size. To efficiently enlarge models, the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture is widely adopted, which consists of a gate network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fangcheng Fu , Shenhan Zhu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Bin Cui

The generation quality of large language models (LLMs) is often improved by utilizing inference-time sequence-level scaling methods (e.g., Chain-of-Thought). We introduce hyper-parallel scaling, a complementary framework that improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Soheil Zibakhsh , Mohammad Samragh , Kumari Nishu , Lauren Hannah , Arnav Kundu , Minsik Cho

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various tasks, accompanied by a continuous increase in their parameter size. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Peizhuang Cong , Wenpu Liu , Wenhan Yu , Haochen Zhao , Tong Yang

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era of artificial intelligence, with the potential to transform various sectors through automation and insightful analysis. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xurui Li , Juanjuan Yao

As giant dense models advance quality but require large amounts of GPU budgets for training, the sparsely gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), a kind of conditional computation architecture, is proposed to scale models while keeping their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Xiaonan Nie , Pinxue Zhao , Xupeng Miao , Tong Zhao , Bin Cui

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) dominates parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, yet most variants target dense architectures. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale parameters at near-constant per-token compute, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jia Wei , Zhonghao Zhang , Ping Chen , Qianyang li , Yancheng Pan , Shaoxun Wang , Ziyi Qiu , Longxiang Wang

The rapid scaling of large language models necessitates more lightweight finetuning methods to reduce the explosive GPU memory overhead when numerous customized models are served simultaneously. Targeting more parameter-efficient low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sheng Wang , Liheng Chen , Pengan Chen , Jingwei Dong , Boyang Xue , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved astonishing successes in many domains, especially with the recent breakthroughs in the development of foundational large models. These large models, leveraging their extensive training data, provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Siyuan Mu , Sen Lin

Sparse Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) are typically trained to operate at a fixed sparsity level, e.g. $k$ in a top-$k$ gating function. This global sparsity level determines an operating point on the accuracy/latency curve; currently, meeting…

Recent advances in dynamic scene reconstruction have significantly benefited from 3D Gaussian Splatting, yet existing methods show inconsistent performance across diverse scenes, indicating no single approach effectively handles all dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 In-Hwan Jin , Hyeongju Mun , Joonsoo Kim , Kugjin Yun , Kyeongbo Kong

At the Large Hadron Collider, the vast amount of data from experiments demands not only sophisticated algorithms but also substantial computational power for efficient processing. This paper introduces hardware acceleration as an essential…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-01-15 Pelayo Leguina López , Santiago Folgueras

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model has succeeded in deep learning (DL). However, its complex architecture and advantages over dense models in image classification remain unclear. In previous studies, MoE performance has often been affected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Bakary Badjie , José Cecílio , António Casimiro