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Low-rank adaptation, also known as LoRA, has emerged as a prominent method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. Despite its computational efficiency, LoRA still yields inferior performance compared to full fine-tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhengbo Wang , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

In this paper, we study the general problem of optimizing a convex function $F(L)$ over the set of $p \times p$ matrices, subject to rank constraints on $L$. However, existing first-order methods for solving such problems either are too…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-12 Mohammadreza Soltani , Chinmay Hegde

The Nystrom method has been popular for generating the low-rank approximation of kernel matrices that arise in many machine learning problems. The approximation quality of the Nystrom method depends crucially on the number of selected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-21 Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki , Stephen Becker

Low-rank matrix factorizations are a class of linear models widely used in various fields such as machine learning, signal processing, and data analysis. These models approximate a matrix as the product of two smaller matrices, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Olivier Vu Thanh

Robust matrix factorization (RMF), which uses the $\ell_1$-loss, often outperforms standard matrix factorization using the $\ell_2$-loss, particularly when outliers are present. The state-of-the-art RMF solver is the RMF-MM algorithm,…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Quanming Yao , James T. Kwok

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is the problem of approximating a nonnegative matrix with the product of two low-rank nonnegative matrices and has been shown to be particularly useful in many applications, e.g., in text mining, image…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-08-13 Nicolas Gillis , François Glineur

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

The Nystr\"om method is a convenient heuristic method to obtain low-rank approximations to kernel matrices in nearly linear complexity. Existing studies typically use the method to approximate positive semidefinite matrices with low or…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Jianlin Xia

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most effective, computationally tractable fine-tuning approaches for training Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs). LoRA accomplishes this by freezing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Nastaran Saadati , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua R. Waite , Shreyan Ganguly , Aditya Balu , Chinmay Hegde , Soumik Sarkar

Low-rank adapters have become standard for efficiently fine-tuning large language models, but they often fall short of achieving the performance of full fine-tuning. We propose a method, LoRA Silver Bullet or LoRA-SB, that approximates full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kaustubh Ponkshe , Raghav Singhal , Eduard Gorbunov , Alexey Tumanov , Samuel Horvath , Praneeth Vepakomma

Affine matrix rank minimization problem is a fundamental problem with a lot of important applications in many fields. It is well known that this problem is combinatorial and NP-hard in general. In this paper, a continuous promoting low rank…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Angang Cui , Jigen Peng , Haiyang Li , Chengyi Zhang , Yongchao Yu

We describe novel subgradient methods for a broad class of matrix optimization problems involving nuclear norm regularization. Unlike existing approaches, our method executes very cheap iterations by combining low-rank stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Haim Avron , Satyen Kale , Shiva Kasiviswanathan , Vikas Sindhwani

Regularized nonnegative low-rank approximations, such as sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization or sparse Nonnegative Tucker Decomposition, form an important branch of dimensionality reduction models known for their enhanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Jeremy E. Cohen , Valentin Leplat

Subspace segmentation assumes that data comes from the union of different subspaces and the purpose of segmentation is to partition the data into the corresponding subspace. Low-rank representation (LRR) is a classic spectral-type method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Xishun Wang , Zhouwang Yang , Xingye Yue , Hui Wang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

This paper introduces an algorithm for the nonnegative matrix factorization-and-completion problem, which aims to find nonnegative low-rank matrices X and Y so that the product XY approximates a nonnegative data matrix M whose elements are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Yangyang Xu , Wotao Yin , Zaiwen Wen , Yin Zhang

In this paper, we propose a new global analysis framework for a class of low-rank matrix recovery problems on the Riemannian manifold. We analyze the global behavior for the Riemannian optimization with random initialization. We use the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-20 Thomas Y. Hou , Zhenzhen Li , Ziyun Zhang

Matrix factorization is an inference problem that has acquired importance due to its vast range of applications that go from dictionary learning to recommendation systems and machine learning with deep networks. The study of its fundamental…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-01 Francesco Camilli , Marc Mézard

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Low-rank and nonsmooth matrix optimization problems capture many fundamental tasks in statistics and machine learning. While significant progress has been made in recent years in developing efficient methods for \textit{smooth} low-rank…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Dan Garber , Atara Kaplan
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