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We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

The "massively-multilingual" training of multilingual models is known to limit their utility in any one language, and they perform particularly poorly on low-resource languages. However, there is evidence that low-resource languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 C. M. Downey , Terra Blevins , Dhwani Serai , Dwija Parikh , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) aim towards robust natural language understanding across diverse languages, yet their performance significantly degrades on low-resource languages. This work explores whether existing techniques to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Soumen Kumar Mondal , Sayambhu Sen , Abhishek Singhania , Preethi Jyothi

Large language models (LLMs) are a basic infrastructure for modern natural language processing. Many commercial and open-source LLMs exist for English, e.g., ChatGPT, Llama, Falcon, and Mistral. As these models are trained on mostly English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Domen Vreš , Martin Božič , Aljaž Potočnik , Tomaž Martinčič , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

In an evolving landscape of crisis communication, the need for robust and adaptable Machine Translation (MT) systems is more pressing than ever, particularly for low-resource languages. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Séamus Lankford , Andy Way

Despite advancements in English-dominant generative large language models, further development is needed for low-resource languages to enhance global accessibility. The primary methods for representing these languages are monolingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Cagri Toraman

Natural Language Processing (NLP) for lesser-resourced languages faces persistent challenges, including limited datasets, inherited biases from high-resource languages, and the need for domain-specific solutions. This study addresses these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 John Pavlopoulos , Juli Bakagianni , Kanella Pouli , Maria Gavriilidou

Large language model (LLM) research and development has overwhelmingly focused on the world's major languages, leading to under-representation of low-resource languages such as Irish. This paper introduces \textbf{Qomhr\'a}, a bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Joseph McInerney , Khanh-Tung Tran , Liam Lonergan , Ailbhe Ní Chasaide , Neasa Ní Chiaráin , Barry Devereux

S\'ami, an indigenous language group comprising multiple languages, faces digital marginalization due to the limited availability of data and sophisticated language models designed for its linguistic intricacies. This work focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ronny Paul , Himanshu Buckchash , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad

Open-source Large Language models (OsLLMs) propel the democratization of natural language research by giving the flexibility to augment or update model parameters for performance improvement. Nevertheless, like proprietary LLMs, Os-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arijit Nag , Soumen Chakrabarti , Animesh Mukherjee , Niloy Ganguly

In this paper, we propose a model-agnostic cost-effective approach to developing bilingual base large language models (LLMs) to support English and any target language. The method includes vocabulary expansion, initialization of new…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in handling spoken inputs for high-resource languages, reaching state-of-the-art performance in various tasks. However, their applicability is still less explored in low-resource…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Seraphina Fong , Marco Matassoni , Alessio Brutti

Previous research has shown that LLMs have potential in multilingual NLG evaluation tasks. However, existing research has not fully explored the differences in the evaluation capabilities of LLMs across different languages. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jiayi Chang , Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

Natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed a profound impact of large language models (LLMs) that excel in a multitude of tasks. However, the limitation of LLMs in multilingual settings, particularly in underrepresented languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Samuel Cahyawijaya

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on extensive text corpora, which are often unevenly distributed across languages. This imbalance results in LLMs performing significantly better on high-resource languages like English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zihao Li , Yucheng Shi , Zirui Liu , Fan Yang , Ali Payani , Ninghao Liu , Mengnan Du

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) diminishes for extremely low-resource languages, such as indigenous languages, primarily due to the lack of labeled data. Despite growing interest, the availability of high-quality natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ulin Nuha , Adam Jatowt

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various tasks, yet significant disparities remain for non-English languages, and especially native African languages. This paper addresses these disparities by creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tuka Alhanai , Adam Kasumovic , Mohammad Ghassemi , Aven Zitzelberger , Jessica Lundin , Guillaume Chabot-Couture

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in how humans access information. While their core use relies on comprehending written requests, our understanding of this ability is currently limited, because most benchmarks evaluate LLMs…

As large language models (LLMs) rapidly advance, evaluating their performance is critical. LLMs are trained on multilingual data, but their reasoning abilities are mainly evaluated using English datasets. Hence, robust evaluation frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Naome A. Etori , Kevin Lu , Randu Karisa , Arturs Kanepajs

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen