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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in settings that require reliable long-context understanding, such as retrieval-augmented generation and multi-document reasoning. A common strategy is to fine-tune pretrained short-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zichong Li , Chen Liang , Liliang Ren , Tuo Zhao , Yelong Shen , Weizhu Chen

The increasing demand for efficient summarization tools in resource-constrained environments highlights the need for effective solutions. While large language models (LLMs) deliver superior summarization quality, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Borui Xu , Yao Chen , Zeyi Wen , Weiguo Liu , Bingsheng He

Multiple recent studies have documented large language models' (LLMs) performance on calling external tools/functions. Others focused on LLMs' abilities to handle longer context lengths. At the intersection of these areas lies another…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used as general-purpose AI agents showing comparable performance on many downstream tasks. However, existing work shows that it is challenging for LLMs to integrate structured data (e.g. KG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to process and generate coherent context when the number of input tokens exceeds the pre-trained length. Recent advancements in long-context extension have significantly expanded the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yi Lu , Wanxu Zhao , Xin Zhou , Chenxin An , Chenglong Wang , Shuo Li , Yuming Yang , Jun Zhao , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models suffer issues when operated on long contexts that are larger than their training context length due to the standard position encoding for tokens in the attention layer. Tokens a long distance apart will rarely have an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Phat Thanh Dang , Saahil Thoppay , Wang Yang , Qifan Wang , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

The Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely used in the attention heads of many large language models (LLM). It rotates dimensions in the query and the key vectors by different angles according to their positions in the input sequence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ting-Rui Chiang , Dani Yogatama

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Large language model fine-tuning has been identified as an efficient approach to applying the pre-trained Large language models to other domains. To guarantee data privacy for different data owners, models are often fine-tuned in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ping Zhang , Zhaorui Zhang , Sheng Di , Yao Xin , Benben Liu

The quadratic computational complexity of the attention mechanism in current Large Language Models (LLMs) renders inference with long contexts prohibitively expensive. To address this challenge, various approaches aim to retain critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hongyin Tang , Di Xiu , Lanrui Wang , Xiurui Geng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

It is well known that LLMs cannot generalize well to long contexts whose lengths are larger than the training sequence length. This poses challenges when employing LLMs for processing long input sequences during inference. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hongye Jin , Xiaotian Han , Jingfeng Yang , Zhimeng Jiang , Zirui Liu , Chia-Yuan Chang , Huiyuan Chen , Xia Hu

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a primary bottleneck for their broader application across diverse domains. Although continual pre-training on long-context data offers a straightforward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a notable breakthrough in Natural Language Processing (NLP), contributing to substantial progress in both text comprehension and generation. However, amidst these advancements, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Saurav Pawar , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , S M Mehedi Zaman , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das

We extend the context length of Llama-3-8B-Instruct from 8K to 80K via QLoRA fine-tuning. The entire training cycle is super efficient, which takes 8 hours on one 8xA800 (80G) GPU machine. The resulted model exhibits superior performances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Peitian Zhang , Ninglu Shao , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Hongjin Qian , Qiwei Ye , Zhicheng Dou

Long-context large language models (LC LLMs) promise to increase reliability of LLMs in real-world tasks requiring processing and understanding of long input documents. However, this ability of LC LLMs to reliably utilize their growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Lavanya Gupta , Saket Sharma , Yiyun Zhao

A recent trend in LLMs is developing recurrent sub-quadratic models that improve long-context processing efficiency. We investigate leading large long-context models, focusing on how their fixed-size recurrent memory affects their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Assaf Ben-Kish , Itamar Zimerman , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Lior Wolf , James Glass , Leonid Karlinsky , Raja Giryes

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their capacity to process long contexts. However, effectively utilizing this long context remains a challenge due to the issue of distraction, where irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zijun Wu , Bingyuan Liu , Ran Yan , Lei Chen , Thomas Delteil

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to process and generate coherent text is markedly weakened when the number of input tokens exceeds their pretraining length. Given the expensive overhead of finetuning large-scale models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chenxin An , Fei Huang , Jun Zhang , Shansan Gong , Xipeng Qiu , Chang Zhou , Lingpeng Kong

Recently proposed evaluation benchmarks aim to characterize the effective context length and the forgetting tendencies of large language models (LLMs). However, these benchmarks often rely on simplistic 'needle in a haystack' retrieval or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Aadyant Khatri , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Naren Ramakrishnan

Long-context modeling capabilities are important for large language models (LLMs) in various applications. However, directly training LLMs with long context windows is insufficient to enhance this capability since some training samples do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Longze Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Wanwei He , Yunshui Li , Run Luo , Min Yang