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The trust in the predictions of Graph Neural Networks is limited by their opaque reasoning process. Prior methods have tried to explain graph networks via concept-based explanations extracted from the latent representations obtained after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lio

Explaining deep learning models is of vital importance for understanding artificial intelligence systems, improving safety, and evaluating fairness. To better understand and control the CNN model, many methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Zhihao Wang , Chuang Zhu

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer neural networks by uncovering which high-level algorithms they implement. Causal abstraction provides a precise notion of when a network implements an algorithm, i.e., a causal model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Theodora-Mara Pîslar , Sara Magliacane , Atticus Geiger

Deep neural networks have shown superior performance in many regimes to remember familiar patterns with large amounts of data. However, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm is still limited when facing the need to learn new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Jing Shi , Jiaming Xu , Yiqun Yao , Bo Xu

In an attempt to gather a deeper understanding of how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) reason about human-understandable concepts, we present a method to infer labeled concept data from hidden layer activations and interpret the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Conner Chyung , Michael Tsang , Yan Liu

Concept-based explanations aims to fill the model interpretability gap for non-technical humans-in-the-loop. Previous work has focused on providing concepts for specific models (eg, neural networks) or data types (eg, images), and by either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 João Bento Sousa , Ricardo Moreira , Vladimir Balayan , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro

As machine learning (ML) models and datasets increase in complexity, the demand for methods that enhance explainability and interpretability becomes paramount. Prototypes, by encapsulating essential characteristics within data, offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Orfeas Menis-Mastromichalakis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Jason Liartis , Edmund Dervakos , Giorgos Stamou

Most datasets used for supervised machine learning consist of a single label per data point. However, in cases where more information than just the class label is available, would it be possible to train models more efficiently? We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Tobias A. Opsahl , Vegard Antun

The ability to interpret machine learning model decisions is critical in such domains as healthcare, where trust in model predictions is as important as their accuracy. Inspired by the development of prototype parts-based deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

Humans can infer concepts from image pairs and apply those in the physical world in a completely different setting, enabling tasks like IKEA assembly from diagrams. If robots could represent and infer high-level concepts, it would…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Miguel Lázaro-Gredilla , Dianhuan Lin , J. Swaroop Guntupalli , Dileep George

In this paper we propose and study the novel problem of explaining node embeddings by finding embedded human interpretable subspaces in already trained unsupervised node representation embeddings. We use an external knowledge base that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Maximilian Idahl , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

In the contemporary era of intelligent connectivity, Affective Computing (AC), which enables systems to recognize, interpret, and respond to human behavior states, has become an integrated part of many AI systems. As one of the most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Xinyu Li , Marwa Mahmoud

With the popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs), model interpretability is becoming a critical concern. Many approaches have been developed to tackle the problem through post-hoc analysis, such as explaining how predictions are made or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Haixing Dai , Lu Zhang , Lin Zhao , Zihao Wu , Zhengliang Liu , David Liu , Xiaowei Yu , Yanjun Lyu , Changying Li , Ninghao Liu , Tianming Liu , Dajiang Zhu

Deep networks have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, yet getting a global concept-level understanding of how they function remains a key challenge. Many post-hoc concept-based approaches have been introduced to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amin Parchami-Araghi , Sukrut Rao , Jonas Fischer , Bernt Schiele

The opaque nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their interpretability, primarily through post-hoc methods. More recent in-hoc approaches, such as Concept Bottleneck Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Or Raphael Bidusa , Shaul Markovitch

Self-explaining deep models are designed to learn the latent concept-based explanations implicitly during training, which eliminates the requirement of any post-hoc explanation generation technique. In this work, we propose one such model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Anirban Sarkar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Anindya Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in computer vision; however, their black-box nature in decision-making limits interpretability and trust, particularly in safety-critical applications. Interpretability is crucial in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ran Eisenberg , Amit Rozner , Ethan Fetaya , Ofir Lindenbaum

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Neural networks are becoming a popular tool for solving many real-world problems such as object recognition and machine translation, thanks to its exceptional performance as an end-to-end solution. However, neural networks are complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Guoliang Dong , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Yang Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Ting Dai , Jin Song Dong , Xingen Wang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) plays a central role in assessing students skill mastery and predicting their future performance. While deep learning based KT models achieve superior predictive accuracy compared to traditional methods, their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Sein Minn , Roger Nkambou