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Self-improving large language models (LLMs) -- i.e., to improve the performance of an LLM by fine-tuning it with synthetic data generated by itself -- is a promising way to advance the capabilities of LLMs while avoiding extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Ruochen Xu , Zilun Zhang , Jianwei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, their enormous parameter size and extremely high requirements for compute power pose challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bohao Yang , Chen Tang , Kun Zhao , Chenghao Xiao , Chenghua Lin

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked great opportunities in complex data management tasks, particularly in question answering (QA) over complicated multi-table relational data. Despite significant progress, systematically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zipeng Qiu , You Peng , Guangxin He , Binhang Yuan , Chen Wang

Existing large language models (LLMs) driven search agents typically rely on prompt engineering to decouple the user queries into search plans, limiting their effectiveness in complex scenarios requiring reasoning. Furthermore, they suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jinzheng Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , Hongguang Li , Yiqing Shen

Inequality proving, crucial across diverse scientific and mathematical fields, tests advanced reasoning skills such as discovering tight bounds and strategic theorem application. This makes it a distinct, demanding frontier for large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pan Lu , Jiayi Sheng , Luna Lyu , Jikai Jin , Tony Xia , Alex Gu , James Zou

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

With the exponential increase in online scientific literature, identifying reliable domain-specific data has become increasingly important but also very challenging. Manual data collection and filtering for domain-specific scientific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Gautam , Doina Caragea , Ignacio Ciampitti , Federico Gomez

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

In response to the growing complexity and volume of scientific literature, this paper introduces the LLMs4Synthesis framework, designed to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating high-quality scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Hamed Babaei Giglou , Jennifer D'Souza , Sören Auer

Mathematical reasoning has long represented one of the most fundamental and challenging frontiers in artificial intelligence research. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in this area. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Peng-Yuan Wang , Tian-Shuo Liu , Chenyang Wang , Yi-Di Wang , Shu Yan , Cheng-Xing Jia , Xu-Hui Liu , Xin-Wei Chen , Jia-Cheng Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu

Despite the growing development of long-context large language models (LLMs), data-centric approaches relying on synthetic data have been hindered by issues related to faithfulness, which limit their effectiveness in enhancing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Shengjie Ma , Aofan Liu , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to significantly boost reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in math, coding, and multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, RL fine-tuning requires abundant high-quality verifiable data,…

Large language models (LLMs) encode extensive world knowledge through pre-training on massive datasets, which can then be fine-tuned for the question-answering (QA) task. However, effective strategies for fine-tuning LLMs for the QA task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Recent progress in large language model (LLM) reasoning has focused on domains like mathematics and coding, where abundant high-quality data and objective evaluation metrics are readily available. In contrast, progress in LLM reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tengxiao Liu , Deepak Nathani , Zekun Li , Kevin Yang , William Yang Wang

Recent supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches have significantly improved language models' performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, even when models are trained at a small scale. However, the specific capabilities enhanced through such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yiyou Sun , Georgia Zhou , Haoyue Bai , Hao Wang , Dacheng Li , Nouha Dziri , Dawn Song

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for providing step-level feedback when evaluating the reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which frequently produce chains of thought (CoTs) containing errors even when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Raffaele Pisano , Roberto Navigli

Traditional code instruction data synthesis methods suffer from limited diversity and poor logic. We introduce Infinite-Instruct, an automated framework for synthesizing high-quality question-answer pairs, designed to enhance the code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Wenjing Xing , Wenke Lu , Yeheng Duan , Bing Zhao , Zhenghui kang , Yaolong Wang , Kai Gao , Lei Qiao