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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is becoming an increasingly popular technique for integrating internal knowledge bases with large language models. In a typical RAG pipeline, three models are used, responsible for the retrieval,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Sławomir Dadas , Małgorzata Grębowiec

While decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently dominated the NLP landscape, encoder-only architectures remain a cost-effective and parameter-efficient standard for discriminative tasks. However, classic encoders like BERT are…

Large language models (LLMs) are a basic infrastructure for modern natural language processing. Many commercial and open-source LLMs exist for English, e.g., ChatGPT, Llama, Falcon, and Mistral. As these models are trained on mostly English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Domen Vreš , Martin Božič , Aljaž Potočnik , Tomaž Martinčič , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Recent R1-Zero-like research further demonstrates that reasoning extension has given large language models (LLMs) unprecedented reasoning capabilities, and Reinforcement Learning is the core technology to elicit its complex reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Anxiang Zeng , Haibo Zhang , Kaixiang Mo , Long Zhang , Shuman Liu , Yanhui Huang , Yawen Liu , Yuepeng Sheng , Yuwei Huang

In this paper, we introduce SaulLM-7B, a large language model (LLM) tailored for the legal domain. With 7 billion parameters, SaulLM-7B is the first LLM designed explicitly for legal text comprehension and generation. Leveraging the Mistral…

Generative language models are usually pretrained on large text corpus via predicting the next token (i.e., sub-word/word/phrase) given the previous ones. Recent works have demonstrated the impressive performance of large generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhenpeng Su , Xing Wu , Xue Bai , Zijia Lin , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Methods for learning sentence representations have been actively developed in recent years. However, the lack of pre-trained models and datasets annotated at the sentence level has been a problem for low-resource languages such as Polish…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Sławomir Dadas , Michał Perełkiewicz , Rafał Poświata

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet open-source multilingual LLMs remain scarce, with existing models often limited in language coverage. Such models typically prioritize well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiran Zhao , Chaoqun Liu , Yue Deng , Jiahao Ying , Mahani Aljunied , Zhaodonghui Li , Lidong Bing , Hou Pong Chan , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang

Universal Language Model for Fine-tuning [arXiv:1801.06146] (ULMFiT) is one of the first NLP methods for efficient inductive transfer learning. Unsupervised pretraining results in improvements on many NLP tasks for English. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Piotr Czapla , Jeremy Howard , Marcin Kardas

Definition modeling, the task of generating new definitions for words in context, holds great prospect as a means to assist the work of lexicographers in documenting a broader variety of lects and languages, yet much remains to be done in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Daniela Kazakouskaya , Timothee Mickus , Janine Siewert

While recent advancements in commercial large language models (LM) have shown promising results in medical tasks, their closed-source nature poses significant privacy and security concerns, hindering their widespread use in the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hyunjae Kim , Hyeon Hwang , Jiwoo Lee , Sihyeon Park , Dain Kim , Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Jiwoong Sohn , Donghee Choi , Jaewoo Kang

BERT-based models are currently used for solving nearly all Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and most often achieve state-of-the-art results. Therefore, the NLP community conducts extensive research on understanding these models, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Robert Mroczkowski , Piotr Rybak , Alina Wróblewska , Ireneusz Gawlik

Large language models (LLMs) excel at general mathematical reasoning but fail catastrophically on specialized technical mathematics. In wireless communications, where problems require precise manipulation of information-theoretic bounds,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Yiyang Zhu , Wenhe Zhang , Li Wei , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly impacted the natural language processing (NLP) field, particularly for the English language. These models have demonstrated capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. The success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hasna Chouikhi , Manel Aloui , Cyrine Ben Hammou , Ghaith Chaabane , Haithem Kchaou , Chehir Dhaouadi

Most vision-language models (VLMs) are trained on English-centric data, limiting their performance in other languages and cultural contexts. This restricts their usability for non-English-speaking users and hinders the development of…

This report details the development and key achievements of our latest language model designed for custom large language models. The advancements introduced include a novel Online Data Scheduler that supports flexible training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Junfeng Tian , Rui Wang , Cong Li , Yudong Zhou , Jun Liu , Jun Wang

Despite increasing efforts to ensure the safety of large language models (LLMs), most existing safety assessments and moderation tools remain heavily biased toward English and other high-resource languages, leaving majority of global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Aleksandra Krasnodębska , Karolina Seweryn , Szymon Łukasik , Wojciech Kusa

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally transformed natural language processing, making them indispensable across domains ranging from conversational systems to scientific exploration. However, their pre-trained…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), particularly through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), have significantly enhanced their reasoning abilities. However, a critical gap persists: these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Inclusion AI , : , Fudong Wang , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Jun Zhou , Kaixiang Ji , Lixiang Ru , Qingpei Guo , Ruobing Zheng , Tianqi Li , Yi Yuan , Yifan Mao , Yuting Xiao , Ziping Ma