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In this study, we present a novel end-to-end approach based on the encoder-decoder framework with the attention mechanism for online handwritten mathematical expression recognition (OHMER). First, the input two-dimensional ink trajectory…
We propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approach for Handwritten Mathematical Expression (HME) recognition by modeling HMEs as graphs, where nodes represent symbols and edges capture spatial dependencies. A deep BLSTM network is used…
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is an important research direction in handwriting recognition. The performance of HMER suffers from the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions (MEs). To address this…
Lots of neural network architectures have been proposed to deal with learning tasks on graph-structured data. However, most of these models concentrate on only node features during the learning process. The edge features, which usually play…
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is challenging in image-to-text tasks due to the complex layouts of mathematical expressions and suffers from problems including over-parsing and under-parsing. To solve these, previous…
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is a challenging task that has many potential applications. Recent methods for HMER have achieved outstanding performance with an encoder-decoder architecture. However, these methods…
Event Detection (ED) aims to recognize instances of specified types of event triggers in text. Different from English ED, Chinese ED suffers from the problem of word-trigger mismatch due to the uncertain word boundaries. Existing approaches…
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) has attracted extensive attention recently. However, current methods cannot explicitly study the interactions between different symbols, which may fail when faced similar symbols. To…
We propose an extension to the transformer neural network architecture for general-purpose graph learning by adding a dedicated pathway for pairwise structural information, called edge channels. The resultant framework - which we call…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success in graph representation learning. Unfortunately, current weight assignment schemes in standard GNNs, such as the calculation based on node degrees or pair-wise representations, can…
In most domains of network analysis researchers consider networks that arise in nature with weighted edges. Such networks are routinely dichotomized in the interest of using available methods for statistical inference with networks. The…
The use of artificial intelligence technology in education is growing rapidly, with increasing attention being paid to handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) by researchers. However, many existing methods for HMER may fail…
Handwritten mathematical expression recognition aims to automatically generate LaTeX sequences from given images. Currently, attention-based encoder-decoder models are widely used in this task. They typically generate target sequences in a…
Predicting relaxed atomic structures of chemically complex materials remains a major computational challenge, particularly for high-entropy systems where traditional first-principles methods become prohibitively expensive. We introduce the…
A network intrusion usually involves a number of network locations. Data flow (including the data generated by intrusion behaviors) among these locations (usually represented by IP addresses) naturally forms a graph. Thus, graph neural…
We propose a new framework for the recognition of online handwritten graphics. Three main features of the framework are its ability to treat symbol and structural level information in an integrated way, its flexibility with respect to…
Unconstrained handwritten text recognition remains challenging for computer vision systems. Paragraph text recognition is traditionally achieved by two models: the first one for line segmentation and the second one for text line…
Recent years have witnessed the emerging success of graph neural networks (GNNs) for modeling structured data. However, most GNNs are designed for homogeneous graphs, in which all nodes and edges belong to the same types, making them…
Graph Attention Network (GAT) is one of the most popular Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture, which employs the attention mechanism to learn edge weights and has demonstrated promising performance in various applications. However, since…
Recently, most handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) methods adopt the encoder-decoder networks, which directly predict the markup sequences from formula images with the attention mechanism. However, such methods may fail…