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Neural theorem proving combines large language models (LLMs) with proof assistants such as Lean, where the correctness of formal proofs can be rigorously verified, leaving no room for hallucination. With existing neural theorem provers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Peiyang Song , Kaiyu Yang , Anima Anandkumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are computational models capable of performing complex natural language processing tasks. Leveraging these capabilities, LLMs hold the potential to transform the entire hardware design stack, with predictions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

In the software industry, the drive to add new features often overshadows the need to improve existing code. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a new approach to improving codebases at an unprecedented scale through AI-assisted refactoring.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Markus Borg

Training large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision has proven effective for enhancing their reasoning abilities. However, obtaining reliable and accurate reasoning supervision remains a significant challenge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dongwon Jung , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential in automatic program repair (APR), especially in repository-level settings where the goal is to generate patches based on natural language issue descriptions, large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Anvith Pabba , Simin Chen , Alex Mathai , Anindya Chakraborty , Baishakhi Ray

The advance in machine learning (ML)-driven natural language process (NLP) points a promising direction for automatic bug fixing for software programs, as fixing a buggy program can be transformed to a translation task. While software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Wenshuo Wang , Chen Wu , Liang Cheng , Yang Zhang

Large pre-trained language models such as GPT-3, Codex, and Google's language model are now capable of generating code from natural language specifications of programmer intent. We view these developments with a mixture of optimism and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Naman Jain , Skanda Vaidyanath , Arun Iyer , Nagarajan Natarajan , Suresh Parthasarathy , Sriram Rajamani , Rahul Sharma

Self-Correction aims to enable large language models (LLMs) to self-verify and self-refine their initial responses without external feedback. However, LLMs often fail to effectively self-verify and generate correct feedback, further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaoshuai Song , Yanan Wu , Weixun Wang , Jiaheng Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

AI-powered code assistants are widely used to generate code completions, significantly boosting developer productivity. However, these tools typically present suggestions without explaining their rationale, leaving their decision-making…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Runlong Ye , Zeling Zhang , Boushra Almazroua , Michael Liut

Large language models are increasingly used to generate code from natural language, but ensuring correctness remains challenging. Formal verification offers a principled way to obtain such guarantees by proving that a program satisfies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhe Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Huangyuan Su , Zhenyu Liao , Samuel Tenka , Zhizhen Qin , Udaya Ghai , Dawn Song , Soonho Kong

Requirements over strings, commonly represented using natural language (NL), are particularly relevant for software systems due to their heavy reliance on string data manipulation. While individual requirements can usually be analyzed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Boqi Chen , Aren A. Babikian , Shuzhao Feng , Dániel Varró , Gunter Mussbacher

With the growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they are increasingly applied in areas like intelligent customer service, code generation, and knowledge management. Natural language (NL) prompts act as the ``APIs'' for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Zhuo Cheng , Qing Huang , Dehai Zhao , Daniel Sun , Chenhua Liu

Search-based test generators are effective at producing unit tests with high coverage. However, such automatically generated tests have no meaningful test and variable names, making them hard to understand and interpret by developers. On…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Matteo Biagiola , Gianluca Ghislotti , Paolo Tonella

Mechanism design has long been a cornerstone of economic theory, with traditional approaches relying on mathematical derivations. Recently, automated approaches, including differentiable economics with neural networks, have emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiayuan Liu , Mingyu Guo , Vincent Conitzer

Large language models (LLMs) like GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have emerged as powerful tools for code generation, significantly enhancing productivity and accelerating software development. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yixi Wu , Pengfei He , Zehao Wang , Shaowei Wang , Yuan Tian , Tse-Hsun Chen

The advent of large language models trained on code (code LLMs) has led to significant progress in language-to-code generation. State-of-the-art approaches in this area combine LLM decoding with sample pruning and reranking using test cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ansong Ni , Srini Iyer , Dragomir Radev , Ves Stoyanov , Wen-tau Yih , Sida I. Wang , Xi Victoria Lin

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in understanding and generation. However, in real-world scenarios, users' natural language expressions are often inherently fuzzy, ambiguous, and uncertain, leading to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zongyu Chang , Feihong Lu , Ziqin Zhu , Qian Li , Cheng Ji , Tao Yang , Zhuo Chen , Hao Peng , Yang Liu , Ruifeng Xu , Yangqiu Song , Jianxin Li , Shangguang Wang

A fundamental skill among human developers is the ability to understand and reason about program execution. As an example, a programmer can mentally simulate code execution in natural language to debug and repair code (aka. rubber duck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Ansong Ni , Miltiadis Allamanis , Arman Cohan , Yinlin Deng , Kensen Shi , Charles Sutton , Pengcheng Yin

Large language models are redefining software engineering by implementing AI-powered techniques throughout the whole software development process, including requirement gathering, software architecture, code generation, testing, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Malik Abdul Sami , Muhammad Waseem , Zeeshan Rasheed , Mika Saari , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Automated program repair (APR) has shown promising results, particularly with the use of neural networks. Currently, most APR tools focus on code transformations specified by test suites, rather than reasoning about the program intent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 He Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Chang Hu , Yanlin Wang , Tao Zhang , Claire Le Goues