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Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

AI safety is a rapidly growing area of research that seeks to prevent the harm and misuse of frontier AI technology, particularly with respect to generative AI (GenAI) tools that are capable of creating realistic and high-quality content…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Pin-Yu Chen

Social engineering (SE) attacks remain a significant threat to both individuals and organizations. The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including diffusion models and large language models (LLMs), has potentially intensified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jingru Yu , Yi Yu , Xuhong Wang , Yilun Lin , Manzhi Yang , Yu Qiao , Fei-Yue Wang

The accelerating advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), highlighted by the development of cutting-edge Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models by organizations such as OpenAI, Meta, and Anthropic,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Philip Feldman , Aaron Dant , James R. Foulds

Context. The security of critical infrastructure has been a pressing concern since the advent of computers and has become even more critical in today's era of cyber warfare. Protecting mission-critical systems (MCSs), essential for national…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Matteo Esposito , Francesco Palagiano , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Davide Taibi

With the spread of generative AI in recent years, attacks known as Whaling have become a serious threat. Whaling is a form of social engineering that targets important high-authority individuals within organizations and uses sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Daisuke Miyamoto , Takuji Iimura , Narushige Michishita

The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in generative AI and foundational models (FMs), have ushered in transformative changes across various industries. Large language models (LLMs), a type of FM, have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ricardo Britto , Timothy Murphy , Massimo Iovene , Leif Jonsson , Melike Erol-Kantarci , Benedek Kovács

A high volume of recent ML security literature focuses on attacks against aligned large language models (LLMs). These attacks may extract private information or coerce the model into producing harmful outputs. In real-world deployments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ang Li , Yin Zhou , Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram , Tom Goldstein , Micah Goldblum

A growing ecosystem of large, open-source foundation models has reduced the labeled data and technical expertise necessary to apply machine learning to many new problems. Yet foundation models pose a clear dual-use risk, indiscriminately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Peter Henderson , Eric Mitchell , Christopher D. Manning , Dan Jurafsky , Chelsea Finn

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved record adoption in a short period of time across many different sectors including high importance areas such as education [4] and healthcare [23]. LLMs are open-ended models trained on diverse data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Herve Debar , Sven Dietrich , Pavel Laskov , Emil C. Lupu , Eirini Ntoutsi

Together with impressive advances touching every aspect of our society, AI technology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is bringing increasing security concerns. While attacks operating at test time have monopolised the initial attention…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Wei Guo , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into a variety of writing tasks. While these tools can help people by generating ideas or producing higher quality work, like many other AI tools they may risk causing a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Kowe Kadoma , Danaé Metaxa , Mor Naaman

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have established them as agentic systems capable of planning and interacting with various tools. These LLM agents are often paired with web-based tools, enabling access to diverse sources…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hanna Kim , Minkyoo Song , Seung Ho Na , Seungwon Shin , Kimin Lee

The need for secure and private Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on edge and mobile devices has increased the necessity of protecting the architecture of these systems from threats to both security and privacy. With an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zisis Tsiatsikas , Alexandros Fakis , Georgios Karopoulos , Vasileios Kouliaridis , Marios Anagnostopoulos

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) presents significant advancements but also introduces novel security challenges, particularly within agentic workflows where AI agents operate autonomously. These risks escalate in multi-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sunil Kumar Jang Bahadur , Gopala Dhar

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Phishing remains a persistent cybersecurity threat; however, developing scalable and effective user training is labor-intensive and challenging to maintain. Generative Artificial Intelligence offers an interesting opportunity, but empirical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Francesco Greco , Giuseppe Desolda , Cesare Tucci , Andrea Esposito , Antonio Curci , Antonio Piccinno

The digital age, driven by the AI revolution, brings significant opportunities but also conceals security threats, which we refer to as cyber shadows. These threats pose risks at individual, organizational, and societal levels. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Marc Schmitt , Pantelis Koutroumpis

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has profound implications for both the utility and security of our digital interactions. This paper investigates the transformative role of Generative AI in Social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Marc Schmitt , Ivan Flechais
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