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Modern large-scale Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved tremendous success on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, most of the LM pre-training objectives only focus on text reconstruction, but have not sought to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Liliang Ren , Zixuan Zhang , Han Wang , Clare R. Voss , Chengxiang Zhai , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed across numerous fields. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) leverages reward models (RMs) as proxies for human preferences to align LLM behaviors with human values, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shuyi Zhang , Wei Shi , Sihang Li , Jiayi Liao , Hengxing Cai , Xiang Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are commonly derived by extending pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. In this work, we investigate how MLLMs process visual inputs by analyzing their attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiahui Wang , Zuyan Liu , Yongming Rao , Jiwen Lu

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Language models only really need to use an exponential fraction of their neurons for individual inferences. As proof, we present UltraFastBERT, a BERT variant that uses 0.3% of its neurons during inference while performing on par with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Peter Belcak , Roger Wattenhofer

The rapid development of large language model (LLM)-based agents has unlocked new possibilities for autonomous multi-turn reasoning and tool-augmented decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by severe…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with computational efficiency and error propagation in multi-step reasoning tasks. While recent advancements on prompting and post-training have enabled LLMs to perform step-wise reasoning, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Tri Cao , Simeng Han , Yulin Chen , Bryan Hooi

Activation sparsity can reduce the computational overhead and memory transfers during the forward pass of Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Existing methods face limitations, either demanding time-consuming recovery training that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kai Liu , Bowen Xu , Shaoyu Wu , Xin Chen , Hao Zhou , Yongliang Tao , Lulu Hu

Activation sparsity refers to the existence of considerable weakly-contributed elements among activation outputs. As a prevalent property of the models using the ReLU activation function, activation sparsity has been proven a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zhengyan Zhang , Shengding Hu , Xiyu Shi , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Guangli Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various fields, from natural language understanding to text generation. Compared to non-generative LLMs like BERT and DeBERTa, generative LLMs like GPT series and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shan Huang , Yonghua Chen , Wen Li , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Jiayi Pan , Li Ding , Hao Zhou , Yu Wang , Guohao Dai

Neuro-symbolic NLP methods aim to leverage the complementary strengths of large language models and formal logical solvers. However, current approaches are mostly static in nature, i.e., the integration of a target solver is predetermined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Lei Xu , Pierre Beckmann , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their widespread application is hindered by the resource-intensive decoding process. To address this challenge, current approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ziqian Zeng , Jiahong Yu , Qianshi Pang , Zihao Wang , Huiping Zhuang , Hongen Shao , Xiaofeng Zou

State-of-the-art ASR systems have achieved promising results by modeling local and global interactions separately. While the former can be computed efficiently, global interactions are usually modeled via attention mechanisms, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Florian Mai , Juan Zuluaga-Gomez , Titouan Parcollet , Petr Motlicek

Large language model (LLM) inference is limited by high computational cost and memory bandwidth demands, making deployment on heterogeneous many-core processors challenging. Taking the MT-3000 processor used in the Tianhe supercomputer as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yao Lu , Zhongzhi Luan , Gen Li , Jiaxing Qi , Shiqing Ma , Bin Han , Shizhe Shang , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are traditionally viewed as black-box algorithms, therefore reducing trustworthiness and obscuring potential approaches to increasing performance on downstream tasks. In this work, we apply an effective LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shun Wang , Tyler Loakman , Youbo Lei , Yi Liu , Bohao Yang , Yuting Zhao , Dong Yang , Chenghua Lin

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices presents significant challenges due to the substantial computational overhead and memory requirements. Activation sparsification can mitigate these resource challenges by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Junhui He , Shangyu Wu , Weidong Wen , Chun Jason Xue , Qingan Li

We develop a novel approach for confidently accelerating inference in the large and expensive multilayer Transformers that are now ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP). Amortized or approximate computational methods increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Tommi Jaakkola , Regina Barzilay

Pre-trained large models attract widespread attention in recent years, but they face challenges in applications that require high interpretability or have limited resources, such as physical sensing, medical imaging, and bioinformatics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Chaoqing Tang , Huanze Zhuang , Guiyun Tian , Zhenli Zeng , Yi Ding , Wenzhong Liu , Xiang Bai

Long-sequence processing is a critical capability for modern large language models. However, the self-attention mechanism in the standard Transformer architecture faces severe computational and memory bottlenecks when processing long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weilin Zhao , Zihan Zhou , Zhou Su , Chaojun Xiao , Yuxuan Li , Yanghao Li , Yudi Zhang , Weilun Zhao , Zhen Li , Yuxiang Huang , Ao Sun , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu

To address the challenge of increasing network size, researchers have developed sparse models through network pruning. However, maintaining model accuracy while achieving significant speedups on general computing devices remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Haitao Xu , Songwei Liu , Yuyang Xu , Shuai Wang , Jiashi Li , Chenqian Yan , Liangqiang Li , Lean Fu , Xin Pan , Fangmin Chen
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