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Graphs serve as fundamental descriptors for systems composed of interacting elements, capturing a wide array of data types, from molecular interactions to social networks and knowledge graphs. In this paper, we present an exhaustive review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Chenqing Hua

Graphs are fundamental data structures for modeling complex interactions in domains such as social networks, molecular structures, and biological systems. Graph-level tasks, which involve predicting properties or labels for entire graphs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Haoyang Li , Yuming Xu , Alexander Zhou , Yongqi Zhang , Jason Chen Zhang , Lei Chen , Qing Li

The prediction of physicochemical properties from molecular structures is a crucial task for artificial intelligence aided molecular design. A growing number of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed to address this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Shuo Zhang , Yang Liu , Lei Xie

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to generate potential drugs that can bind to a target protein and is greatly expedited by the aid of AI techniques in generative models. However, a lack of systematic understanding persists due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haitao Lin , Guojiang Zhao , Odin Zhang , Yufei Huang , Lirong Wu , Zicheng Liu , Siyuan Li , Cheng Tan , Zhifeng Gao , Stan Z. Li

The central challenge in automated synthesis planning is to be able to generate and predict outcomes of a diverse set of chemical reactions. In particular, in many cases, the most likely synthesis pathway cannot be applied due to additional…

Protein representation learning is critical for numerous biological tasks. Recently, large transformer-based protein language models (pLMs) pretrained on large scale protein sequences have demonstrated significant success in sequence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Chih-chan Tien , Jinbo Xu , Rick Stevens

In this perspective article, we present a multidisciplinary approach for characterizing protein structure networks. We first place our approach in its historical context and describe the manner in which it synthesizes concepts from quantum…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-30 Vasundhara Gadiyaram , Smitha Vishveshwara , Saraswathi Vishveshwara

Biological processes underlying the basic functions of a cell involve complex interactions between genes. From a technical point of view, these interactions can be represented through a graph where genes and their connections are,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-24 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Monica Chiogna

We describe a system for visualization and editing of data in a computational chemistry environment. The system is a collaborative tool allowing researchers using virtual reality and/or desktop computer displays to work together on results…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Dave Pape , Amin Ghadersohi , Josephine Anstey , Amit Makwana

The recent development of high-throughput sequencing creates a large collection of multi-omics data, which enables researchers to better investigate cancer molecular profiles and cancer taxonomy based on molecular subtypes. Integrating…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-25 Bingjun Li , Sheida Nabavi

The integration of multi-omic data is pivotal for understanding complex diseases, but its high dimensionality and noise present significant challenges. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) offer a robust framework for analyzing large-scale…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-23 Heming Zhang , Di Huang , Yixin Chen , Fuhai Li

The chemical reaction network (CRN) is a widely used formalism to describe macroscopic behavior of chemical systems. Available tools for CRN modelling and simulation require local access, installation, and often involve local file storage,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-12-07 Peter Banda , Drew Blount , Christof Teuscher

Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Marko Vasic , David Soloveichik , Sarfraz Khurshid

Biochemical networks play a crucial role in biological systems, implementing a broad range of vital functions. They normally operate at low copy numbers and in spatial settings, but this is often ignored and well-stirred conditions are…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-25 Thomas R. Sokolowski , Pieter Rein ten Wolde

In computational biology, biological entities such as genes or proteins are usually annotated with terms extracted from Gene Ontology (GO). The functional similarity among terms of an ontology is evaluated by using Semantic Similarity…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Mario Cannataro , Pietro Hiram Guzzi , Marianna Milano , Pierangelo Veltri

Laboratory workflows in pharmaceutical and biomedical research encode substantial tacit knowledge -- expert judgment about failure conditions, decision branching logic, and contextual dependencies -- that remains inaccessible to protocol…

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have recently become the primary choice for learning from graph-structured data, superseding hash fingerprints in representing chemical compounds. However, GCNs lack the ability to take into account the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Tomasz Danel , Przemysław Spurek , Jacek Tabor , Marek Śmieja , Łukasz Struski , Agnieszka Słowik , Łukasz Maziarka

Graph rewrite systems are powerful tools to model and study complex problems in various fields of research. Their successful application to chemical reaction modelling on a molecular level was shown but no appropriate and simple system is…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Martin Mann , Heinz Ekker , Christoph Flamm

Background: Virtual Screening (VS) has become an essential tool in drug discovery, enabling the rapid and cost-effective identification of potential bioactive molecules. Among recent advancements, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Salvatore Contino , Paolo Sortino , Maria Rita Gulotta , Ugo Perricone , Roberto Pirrone

We describe modeling approaches to a "network" of connected enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with added (bio)chemical processes that introduce biochemical filtering steps into the functioning of such a biocatalytic cascade. Theoretical…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2016-12-13 Vladimir Privman