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Federated Learning with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) faces three critical challenges under client heterogeneity: (1) Initialization-Induced Instability due to random initialization misaligning client subspaces; (2) Rank Incompatibility and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Junchao Zhou , Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang

Federated Learning is a well-researched approach for collaboratively training machine learning models across decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, integrating Homomorphic Encryption to ensure data confidentiality introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jiaxang Tang , Zeshan Fayyaz , Mohammad A. Salahuddin , Raouf Boutaba , Zhi-Li Zhang , Ali Anwar

As Large Language Models (LLMs) push the boundaries of AI capabilities, their demand for data is growing. Much of this data is private and distributed across edge devices, making Federated Learning (FL) a de-facto alternative for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hanzi Mei , Dongqi Cai , Ao Zhou , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) require instruction fine-tuning to perform different downstream tasks. However, the instruction fine-tuning phase still demands significant computational resources and labeled data, lacking a paradigm that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yiguan Lin , Bin Xu , Yinghao Li , Yang Gao

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm involving multiple clients, e.g., mobile phone devices, with an incentive to collaborate in solving a machine learning problem coordinated by a central server. FL was proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Samuel Horváth

Heterogenous data is prevalent in real-world federated learning. We propose a parameter-efficient framework, Federated Low-Rank Adaptive Learning (FLoRAL), that allows clients to personalize in groups by mixing between low-rank adaptors,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Abdulla Jasem Almansoori , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč

Pre-trained foundation models (FMs), with extensive number of neurons, are key to advancing next-generation intelligence services, where personalizing these models requires massive amount of task-specific data and computational resources.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-04 Zixin Wang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Khaled. B. Letaief

Federated Learning (FL) addresses the need to create models based on proprietary data in such a way that multiple clients retain exclusive control over their data, while all benefit from improved model accuracy due to pooled resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Urszula Chajewska , Harsh Shrivastava

Fine-tuning has become a popular approach to adapting large foundational models to specific tasks. As the size of models and datasets grows, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques are increasingly important. One of the most widely used…

Federated learning has emerged recently as a promising solution for distributing machine learning tasks through modern networks of mobile devices. Recent studies have obtained lower bounds on the expected decrease in model loss that is…

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes over time without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The emergence of foundation models (FM) pretrained on large datasets presents new opportunities for CIL by offering rich,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mohamed Elkhayat , Mohamed Mahmoud , Jamil Fayyad , Nourhan Bayasi

Federated learning (FL), as a collaborative distributed training paradigm with several edge computing devices under the coordination of a centralized server, is plagued by inconsistent local stationary points due to the heterogeneity of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-14 Yixing Liu , Yan Sun , Zhengtao Ding , Li Shen , Bo Liu , Dacheng Tao

The fusion of complementary multimodal information is crucial in computational pathology for accurate diagnostics. However, existing multimodal learning approaches necessitate access to users' raw data, posing substantial privacy risks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yuanzhe Peng , Jieming Bian , Jie Xu

In contrast to centralized model training that involves data collection, federated learning (FL) enables remote clients to collaboratively train a model without exposing their private data. However, model performance usually degrades in FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Ye Lin Tun , Chu Myaet Thwal , Yu Min Park , Seong-Bae Park , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning enables institutions to train predictive models collaboratively without sharing raw data, addressing privacy and regulatory constraints. In the standard horizontal setting, clients hold disjoint cohorts of individuals and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Alexis Ayme , Rémi Khellaf

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Federated Learning (FL) presents a paradigm shift towards distributed model training across isolated data repositories or edge devices without explicit data sharing. Despite of its advantages, FL is inherently less efficient than…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 M S Chaitanya Kumar , Sai Satya Narayana J , Yunkai Bao , Xin Wang , Steve Drew

Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly popular machine learning paradigm in which multiple nodes try to collaboratively learn under privacy, communication and multiple heterogeneity constraints. A persistent problem in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Elnur Gasanov , Ahmed Khaled , Samuel Horváth , Peter Richtárik

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a significant challenge: the exhausting of publicly available fresh data. This is because training a LLM needs a large demanding of new data. Federated learning emerges as a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xuhan Zuo , Minghao Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Dayong Ye , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou
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