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Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) surmises that inputs and pairwise positive relationships are enough to learn meaningful representations. Although SSL has recently reached a milestone: outperforming supervised methods in many modalities\dots…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun

Reinforcement learning (RL) yields substantial improvements in large language models (LLMs) downstream task performance and alignment with human values. Surprisingly, such large gains result from updating only a small subnetwork comprising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Sagnik Mukherjee , Lifan Yuan , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Hao Peng

Self-supervised learned models have been found to be very effective for certain speech tasks such as automatic speech recognition, speaker identification, keyword spotting and others. While the features are undeniably useful in speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Ravi Shankar , Ke Tan , Buye Xu , Anurag Kumar

Availability poisons exploit supervised learning (SL) algorithms by introducing class-related shortcut features in images such that models trained on poisoned data are useless for real-world datasets. Self-supervised learning (SSL), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jeremy Styborski , Mingzhi Lyu , Yi Huang , Adams Kong

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an emerging paradigm that exploits supervisory signals generated from the data itself, and many recent studies have leveraged SSL to conduct graph anomaly detection. However, we empirically found that three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhong Li , Yuhang Wang , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Batch Reinforcement Learning (Batch RL) consists in training a policy using trajectories collected with another policy, called the behavioural policy. Safe policy improvement (SPI) provides guarantees with high probability that the trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Kimia Nadjahi , Romain Laroche , Rémi Tachet des Combes

Self-supervised learning (SSL) allows training data representations without a supervised signal and has become an important paradigm in machine learning. Most SSL methods employ the cosine similarity between embedding vectors and hence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Andrew Draganov , Sharvaree Vadgama , Sebastian Damrich , Jan Niklas Böhm , Lucas Maes , Dmitry Kobak , Erik Bekkers

Self-supervised learning (SSL) aims to produce useful feature representations without access to any human-labeled data annotations. Due to the success of recent SSL methods based on contrastive learning, such as SimCLR, this problem has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Kartik Gupta , Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan , Anton van den Hengel , Stephen Gould

Self-supervised learned (SSL) speech pre-trained models perform well across various speech processing tasks. Distilled versions of SSL models have been developed to match the needs of on-device speech applications. Though having similar…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning tasks, yet the optimal integration of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) remains a fundamental challenge. Through comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yuqian Fu , Tinghong Chen , Jiajun Chai , Xihuai Wang , Songjun Tu , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Qichao Zhang , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

Most deep learning-based super-resolution (SR) methods are not image-specific: 1) They are trained on samples synthesized by predefined degradations (e.g. bicubic downsampling), regardless of the domain gap between training and testing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Shang Li , Guixuan Zhang , Zhengxiong Luo , Jie Liu , Zhi Zeng , Shuwu Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has proven to be a powerful approach for extracting biologically meaningful representations from single-cell data. To advance our understanding of SSL methods applied to single-cell data, we present…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-13 Olga Ovcharenko , Florian Barkmann , Philip Toma , Imant Daunhawer , Julia Vogt , Sebastian Schelter , Valentina Boeva

Over the past decade, computer vision applications in minimally invasive surgery have rapidly increased. Despite this growth, the impact of surgical computer vision remains limited compared to other medical fields like pathology and…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a standard approach for representation learning in aerial imagery. Existing methods enforce invariance between augmented views, which works well when augmentations preserve semantic content. However, aerial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wadii Boulila , Adel Ammar , Bilel Benjdira , Maha Driss

Self-supervised (SSL) models have shown great performance in various downstream tasks. However, they are typically developed for limited languages, and may encounter new languages in real-world. Developing a SSL model for each new language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jing Xu , Minglin Wu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of discrete tokens derived from self-supervised learning (SSL) models for various speech-related tasks. These tokens serve not only as substitutes for text in language modeling but also as…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kentaro Onda , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Hayato Futami , Shinji Watanabe

Despite recent advancements in deep learning, its application in real-world medical settings, such as phonocardiogram (PCG) classification, remains limited. A significant barrier is the lack of high-quality annotated datasets, which hampers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Aristotelis Ballas , Vasileios Papapanagiotou , Christos Diou

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as an effective paradigm for deriving general representations from vast amounts of unlabeled data. However, as real-world applications continually integrate new content, the high computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Wenzhuo Liu , Fei Zhu , Cheng-Lin Liu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods are popular since they can address situations with limited annotated data by directly utilising the underlying data distribution. However, the adoption of such methods is not explored enough in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Joseph Geo Benjamin , Mothilal Asokan , Amna Alhosani , Hussain Alasmawi , Werner Gerhard Diehl , Leanne Bricker , Karthik Nandakumar , Mohammad Yaqub

Many challenging real-world problems require the deployment of ensembles multiple complementary learning models to reach acceptable performance levels. While effective, applying the entire ensemble to every sample is costly and often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Orel Lavie , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz