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Negative sampling is essential for implicit-feedback-based collaborative filtering, which is used to constitute negative signals from massive unlabeled data to guide supervised learning. The state-of-the-art idea is to utilize hard negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Yuhan Zhao , Rui Chen , Riwei Lai , Qilong Han , Hongtao Song , Li Chen

Recommender systems leverage extensive user interaction data to model preferences; however, directly modeling these data may introduce biases that disproportionately favor popular items. In this paper, we demonstrate that popularity bias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Recommender Systems (RS) often suffer from popularity bias, where a small set of popular items dominate the recommendation results due to their high interaction rates, leaving many less popular items overlooked. This phenomenon…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Juno Prent , Masoud Mansoury

Recommender systems learn from historical user-item interactions to identify preferred items for target users. These observed interactions are usually unbalanced following a long-tailed distribution. Such long-tailed data lead to popularity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Kunpeng Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Lim Ee Peng , Yanjie Fu

Pairwise learning strategies are prevalent for optimizing recommendation models on implicit feedback data, which usually learns user preference by discriminating between positive (i.e., clicked by a user) and negative items (i.e., obtained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Xiao Chen , Wenqi Fan , Jingfan Chen , Haochen Liu , Zitao Liu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Qing Li

Negative sampling schemes enable efficient training given a large number of classes, by offering a means to approximate a computationally expensive loss function that takes all labels into account. In this paper, we present a new connection…

Recommender systems have become an integral part of online platforms. Every day the volume of training data is expanding and the number of user interactions is constantly increasing. The exploration of larger and more expressive models has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Antonios Valkanas , Yuening Wang , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

The general aim of the recommender system is to provide personalized suggestions to users, which is opposed to suggesting popular items. However, the normal training paradigm, i.e., fitting a recommender model to recover the user behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Tianxin Wei , Fuli Feng , Jiawei Chen , Ziwei Wu , Jinfeng Yi , Xiangnan He

Learning from negative samples holds great promise for improving Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning capability, yet existing methods treat all incorrect responses as equally informative, overlooking the crucial role of sample quality. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zixiang Di , Jinyi Han , Shuo Zhang , Ying Liao , Zhi Li , Xiaofeng Ji , Yongqi Wang , Zheming Yang , Ming Gao , Bingdong Li , Jie Wang

Many recommender systems suffer from popularity bias: popular items are recommended frequently while less popular, niche products, are recommended rarely or not at all. However, recommending the ignored products in the `long tail' is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Himan Abdollahpouri , Robin Burke , Bamshad Mobasher

Multi-modal recommender systems (MMRS) have gained significant attention due to their ability to leverage information from various modalities to enhance recommendation quality. However, existing negative sampling techniques often struggle…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yanbiao Ji , Dan Luo , Chang Liu , Shaokai Wu , Jing Tong , Qicheng He , Deyi Ji , Hongtao Lu , Yue Ding

The issue of popularity bias -- where popular items are disproportionately recommended, overshadowing less popular but potentially relevant items -- remains a significant challenge in recommender systems. Recent advancements have seen the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan Malte Lichtenberg , Alexander Buchholz , Pola Schwöbel

In implicit collaborative filtering, hard negative mining techniques are developed to accelerate and enhance the recommendation model learning. However, the inadvertent selection of false negatives remains a major concern in hard negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Kexin Shi , Jing Zhang , Linjiajie Fang , Wenjia Wang , Bingyi Jing

Negative sampling has been heavily used to train recommender models on large-scale data, wherein sampling hard examples usually not only accelerates the convergence but also improves the model accuracy. Nevertheless, the reasons for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Wentao Shi , Jiawei Chen , Fuli Feng , Jizhi Zhang , Junkang Wu , Chongming Gao , Xiangnan He

Sampling strategies have been widely applied in many recommendation systems to accelerate model learning from implicit feedback data. A typical strategy is to draw negative instances with uniform distribution, which however will severely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jiawei Chen , Chengquan Jiang , Can Wang , Sheng Zhou , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Martin Ester , Xiangnan He

Negative sampling is significant for training sequential recommendation models under implicit feedback. The predominant strategy, self-guided hard negative sampling, selects negatives based on the model's current state but suffers from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuanzi Li , Lingjie Wang , Jingyu Zhao , Zihang Tian , Yuhan Wang , Lei Wang , Xu Chen

This paper investigates negative sampling for contrastive learning in the context of audio-text retrieval. The strategy for negative sampling refers to selecting negatives (either audio clips or textual descriptions) from a pool of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-20 Huang Xie , Okko Räsänen , Tuomas Virtanen

Popularity bias is a well-known phenomenon in recommender systems: popular items are recommended even more frequently than their popularity would warrant, amplifying long-tail effects already present in many recommendation domains. Prior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Himan Abdollahpouri , Masoud Mansoury , Robin Burke , Bamshad Mobasher

Distance metric learning based on triplet loss has been applied with success in a wide range of applications such as face recognition, image retrieval, speaker change detection and recently recommendation with the CML model. However, as we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Viet-Anh Tran , Romain Hennequin , Jimena Royo-Letelier , Manuel Moussallam

Recommender systems have become an essential tool for providers and users of online services and goods, especially with the increased use of the Internet to access information and purchase products and services. This work proposes a novel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Abdullah Alhadlaq , Said Kerrache , Hatim Aboalsamh