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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), recognized as the third generation of neural networks, are known for their bio-plausibility and energy efficiency, especially when implemented on neuromorphic hardware. However, the majority of existing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yi Jiang , Sen Lu , Abhronil Sengupta

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) support asynchronous event-driven computation, massive parallelism and demonstrate great potential to improve the energy efficiency of its synchronous analog counterpart. However, insufficient attention…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Malu Zhang , Qu Yang , Guoqi Li , Haizhou Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown advantages in computation and energy efficiency over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) thanks to their event-driven representations. SNNs also replace weight multiplications in ANNs with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yangfan Hu , Qian Zheng , Xudong Jiang , Gang Pan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Umberto Biccari

Large-scale neuromorphic architectures consist of computing tiles that communicate spikes using a shared interconnect. The communication patterns in such systems are inherently sparse, asynchronous, and localized due to the spiking nature…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Phu Khanh Huynh , Francky Catthoor , Anup Das

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are considered as a potential candidate for the next generation of artificial intelligence with appealing characteristics such as sparse computation and inherent temporal dynamics. By adopting architectures of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kaiwei Che , Zhaokun Zhou , Li Yuan , Jianguo Zhang , Yonghong Tian , Luziwei Leng

Recurrent networks of spiking neurons (RSNNs) underlie the astounding computing and learning capabilities of the brain. But computing and learning capabilities of RSNN models have remained poor, at least in comparison with artificial neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Guillaume Bellec , Darjan Salaj , Anand Subramoney , Robert Legenstein , Wolfgang Maass

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are energy-efficient computing architectures that exchange spikes for processing information, unlike classical Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Due to this, SNNs are better suited for real-life deployments.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Ravi Kumar Kushawaha , Saurabh Kumar , Biplab Banerjee , Rajbabu Velmurugan

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Application of deep convolutional spiking neural networks (SNNs) to artificial intelligence (AI) tasks has recently gained a lot of interest since SNNs are hardware-friendly and energy-efficient. Unlike the non-spiking counterparts, most of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Milad Mozafari , Mohammad Ganjtabesh , Abbas Nowzari-Dalini , Timothée Masquelier

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted the attention of the deep learning community for use in low-latency, low-power neuromorphic hardware, as well as models for understanding neuroscience. In this paper, we introduce Spiking Phasor…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Connor Bybee , E. Paxon Frady , Friedrich T. Sommer

Bayesian neural networks offer better estimates of model uncertainty compared to frequentist networks. However, inference involving Bayesian models requires multiple instantiations or sampling of the network parameters, requiring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Prabodh Katti , Anagha Nimbekar , Chen Li , Amit Acharyya , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) transmit information through discrete spikes, which performs well in processing spatial-temporal information. Due to the non-differentiable characteristic, there still exist difficulties in designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng , Yang Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising pathway to implement deep neural networks (DNNs) in a more energy-efficient manner since their neurons are sparsely activated and inferences are event-driven. However, there have been very…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Changze Lv , Jianhan Xu , Xiaoqing Zheng

Despite the rapid progress of neuromorphic computing, inadequate capacity and insufficient representation power of spiking neural networks (SNNs) severely restrict their application scope in practice. Residual learning and shortcuts have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yifan Hu , Lei Deng , Yujie Wu , Man Yao , Guoqi Li

Inspired by biology, spiking neural networks (SNNs) process information via discrete spikes over time, offering an energy-efficient alternative to the classical computing paradigm and classical artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shayan Hundrieser , Philipp Tuchel , Insung Kong , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Spiking neural network (SNN) has attracted much attention due to their powerful spatio-temporal information representation ability. Capsule Neural Network (CapsNet) does well in assembling and coupling features at different levels. Here, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Dongcheng Zhao , Yang Li , Yi Zeng , Jihang Wang , Qian Zhang

Bio-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are now demonstrating comparable accuracy to intricate convolutional neural networks (CNN), all while delivering remarkable energy and latency efficiency when deployed on neuromorphic hardware. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Gourav Datta , Zeyu Liu , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired models known for low power consumption and superior potential for temporal processing, but identifying suitable learning mechanisms remains a challenge. Despite the presence of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuzhe Liu , Xin Deng , Qiang Yu

Deep learning has driven significant technological advancements, but its high energy consumption limits its use on battery-operated edge devices. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer promising reductions in inference-time energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhanglu Yan , Zhenyu Bai , Tulika Mitra , Weng-Fai Wong