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Monocular depth estimation is the task of obtaining a measure of distance for each pixel using a single image. It is an important problem in computer vision and is usually solved using neural networks. Though recent works in this area have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Nikita Durasov , Mikhail Romanov , Valeriya Bubnova , Pavel Bogomolov , Anton Konushin

As modern deep learning architectures grow in complexity, representational ambiguity emerges as a critical barrier to their interpretability and reliable merging. For ReLU networks, identical functional mappings can be achieved through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kutomanov Hennadii

This paper proposes a new neural network architecture by introducing an additional dimension called height beyond width and depth. Neural network architectures with height, width, and depth as hyper-parameters are called three-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We propose a system for calculating a "scaling constant" for layers and weights of neural networks. We relate this scaling constant to two important quantities that relate to the optimizability of neural networks, and argue that a network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Aaron Defazio , Léon Bottou

In recent years, the learned local descriptors have outperformed handcrafted ones by a large margin, due to the powerful deep convolutional neural network architectures such as L2-Net [1] and triplet based metric learning [2]. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Yanwu Xu , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu , Kayhan Batmanghelich , Chaohui Wang

We study two models of ReLU neural networks: monotone networks (ReLU$^+$) and input convex neural networks (ICNN). Our focus is on expressivity, mostly in terms of depth, and we prove the following lower bounds. For the maximum function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Egor Bakaev , Florestan Brunck , Christoph Hertrich , Daniel Reichman , Amir Yehudayoff

Neural networks with REctified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions (a.k.a. ReLU networks) have achieved great empirical success in various domains. Nonetheless, existing results for learning ReLU networks either pose assumptions on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-01 Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Jie Chen

While classic studies proved that wide networks allow universal approximation, recent research and successes of deep learning demonstrate the power of deep networks. Based on a symmetric consideration, we investigate if the design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Feng-Lei Fan , Rongjie Lai , Ge Wang

This paper studies nonparametric regression with repeated measurements when the response in the target domain is unobservable or costly to collect. We adopt a transfer learning framework that leverages a source domain with observable…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Yingxuan Wang , Xiangyu Xing , Wangli Xu

Despite their prevalence in neural networks we still lack a thorough theoretical characterization of ReLU layers. This paper aims to further our understanding of ReLU layers by studying how the activation function ReLU interacts with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Sören Dittmer , Emily J. King , Peter Maass

We give tight bounds on the relation between the primal and dual of various combinatorial dimensions, such as the pseudo-dimension and fat-shattering dimension, for multi-valued function classes. These dimensional notions play an important…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Pieter Kleer , Hans Simon

We consider a sequence of related multivariate time series learning tasks, such as predicting failures for different instances of a machine from time series of multi-sensor data, or activity recognition tasks over different individuals from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Vibhor Gupta , Jyoti Narwariya , Pankaj Malhotra , Lovekesh Vig , Gautam Shroff

We introduce a methodology for analyzing neural networks through the lens of layer-wise Hessian matrices. The local Hessian of each functional block (layer) is defined as the matrix of second derivatives of a scalar function with respect to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Maxim Bolshim , Alexander Kugaevskikh

The number of linear regions is one of the distinct properties of the neural networks using piecewise linear activation functions such as ReLU, comparing with those conventional ones using other activation functions. Previous studies showed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Rui Zhu , Bo Lin , Haixu Tang

Recent years have witnessed a resurgence in using ReLU neural networks (NNs) to represent model predictive control (MPC) policies. However, determining the required network complexity to ensure closed-loop performance remains a fundamental…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Xingchen Li , Keyou You

It has been widely assumed that a neural network cannot be recovered from its outputs, as the network depends on its parameters in a highly nonlinear way. Here, we prove that in fact it is often possible to identify the architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 David Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

Rectified-linear-unit (ReLU) neural networks, which play a prominent role in deep learning, generate continuous and piecewise-linear (CPWL) functions. While they provide a powerful parametric representation, the mapping between the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Alexis Goujon , Joaquim Campos , Michael Unser

Large-scale recurrent networks have drawn increasing attention recently because of their capabilities in modeling a large variety of real-world phenomena and physical mechanisms. This paper studies how to identify all authentic connections…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-23 Yiyuan She , Yuejia He , Dapeng Wu

In recent years, functional neural networks have been proposed and studied in order to approximate nonlinear continuous functionals defined on $L^p([-1, 1]^s)$ for integers $s\ge1$ and $1\le p<\infty$. However, their theoretical properties…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-11 Linhao Song , Jun Fan , Di-Rong Chen , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Understanding the fundamental mechanism behind the success of deep neural networks is one of the key challenges in the modern machine learning literature. Despite numerous attempts, a solid theoretical analysis is yet to be developed. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci