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Rigid-bodied robots often lack compliance needed to adapt to unstructured environments, while fully soft robots, though highly adaptable, struggle with scalability and load capacity. In nature, musculoskeletal systems balance strength and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroki Kobayashi , Yuki Takaha , Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Sunao Tomita , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

Grip, walk, crawl, and jump. Soft robots are integrated functional structures composed of compliant mechanisms, whose activity spans various industrial applications such as surgery, healthcare, surveillance, and even planetary exploration.…

Soft robotics has advanced rapidly, yet its control methods remain fragmented: different morphologies and actuation schemes still require task-specific controllers, hindering theoretical integration and large-scale deployment. A generic…

In many human-in-the-loop robotic applications such as robot-assisted surgery and remote teleoperation, predicting the intended motion of the human operator may be useful for successful implementation of shared control, guidance virtual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Arun Kumar Singh , Sigal Berman , Ilana Nisky

Existence of optimal solutions and necessary optimality conditions for a controlled version of Moreau's sweeping process are derived. The control is a measurable ingredient of the dynamics and the constraint set is a polyhedron. The novelty…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Giovanni Colombo , Paolo Gidoni

Inspired by the vertebrate branch of the animal kingdom, articulated soft robots are robotic systems embedding elastic elements into a classic rigid (skeleton-like) structure. Leveraging on their bodies elasticity, soft robots promise to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Dominic Lakatos , Antonio Bicchi , Alin Albu-Schäffer

This study focuses on the locomotion capability improvement in a tendon-driven soft quadruped robot through an online adaptive learning approach. Leveraging the inverse kinematics model of the soft quadruped robot, we employ a central…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kaige Tan , Xuezhi Niu , Qinglei Ji , Lei Feng , Martin Törngren

Worm-inspired robots provide an effective locomotion strategy for constrained environments by combining cyclic body deformation with alternating anchoring. For compliant robots, however, the interaction between deformable anchoring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinyu Zhou , Yu Mei , Faith Thomson , Christian Luedtke , Xinda Qi , Xiaobo Tan

Gait generation for soft robots is challenging due to the nonlinear dynamics and high dimensional input spaces of soft actuators. Limitations in soft robotic control and perception force researchers to hand-craft open loop controllers for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jake Ketchum , Sophia Schiffer , Muchen Sun , Pranav Kaarthik , Ryan L. Truby , Todd D. Murphey

This paper addresses several critical stages of designing a walking robot, including optimal structural synthesis, introducing a novel 'rational' mechanical structure aimed at enhancing efficiency and simplifying control system, while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Arman Ibrayeva , Batyrkhan Omarov

In a world designed for legs, quadrupeds, bipeds, and humanoids have the opportunity to impact emerging robotics applications from logistics, to agriculture, to home assistance. The goal of this survey is to cover the recent progress toward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Patrick M. Wensing , Michael Posa , Yue Hu , Adrien Escande , Nicolas Mansard , Andrea Del Prete

Soft-growing robots are innovative devices that feature plant-inspired growth to navigate environments. Thanks to their embodied intelligence of adapting to their surroundings and the latest innovation in actuation and manufacturing, it is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Fabio Stroppa

Animals achieve robust locomotion by offloading regulation from the brain to physical couplings within the body. In contrast, locomotion in artificial systems often depends on centralized processors. We introduce a rapid and autonomous…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-16 Alberto Comoretto , Harmannus A. H. Schomaker , Johannes T. B. Overvelde

In this paper, we propose a whole-body planning framework that unifies dynamic locomotion and manipulation tasks by formulating a single multi-contact optimal control problem. We model the hybrid nature of a generic multi-limbed mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Jean-Pierre Sleiman , Farbod Farshidian , Maria Vittoria Minniti , Marco Hutter

Step adjustment can improve the gait robustness of biped robots, however the adaptation of step timing is often neglected as it gives rise to non-convex problems when optimized over several footsteps. In this paper, we argue that it is not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Majid Khadiv , Alexander Herzog , S. Ali A. Moosavian , Ludovic Righetti

Robot feet are crucial for maintaining dynamic stability and propelling the body during walking, especially on uneven terrains. Traditionally, robot feet were mostly designed as flat and stiff pieces of metal, which meets its limitations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Cristina Piazza , Cosimo Della Santina , Giorgio Grioli , Antonio Bicchi , Manuel G. Catalano

Natural organisms utilize distributed actuation through their musculoskeletal systems to adapt their gait for traversing diverse terrains or to morph their bodies for varied tasks. A longstanding challenge in robotics is to emulate this…

Dynamic control of a soft-body robot to deliver complex behaviors with low-dimensional actuation inputs is challenging. In this paper, we present a computational approach to automatically generate versatile, underactuated control policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Yitong Deng , Yaorui Zhang , Xingzhe He , Shuqi Yang , Yunjin Tong , Michael Zhang , Daniel DiPietro , Bo Zhu

Nature suggests that exploiting the elasticities and natural dynamics of robotic systems could increase their locomotion efficiency. Prior work on elastic snake robots supports this hypothesis, but has not fully exploited the nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tristan Ehlert , Arne Sachtler , Annika Schmidt , Davide Calzolari , Alin Albu-Schäffer

The gaits of undulating animals arise from a complex interaction of their central nervous system, muscle, connective tissue, bone, and environment. As a simplifying assumption, many previous studies have often assumed that sufficient…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Brian Van Stratum , Jonathan E. Clark , Kourosh Shoele