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We establish a general framework for reasoning about the relationship between call-by-value and call-by-name. In languages with computational effects, call-by-value and call-by-name executions of programs often have different, but related,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Dylan McDermott , Alan Mycroft

The elegant theory of the call-by-value lambda-calculus relies on weak evaluation and closed terms, that are natural hypotheses in the study of programming languages. To model proof assistants, however, strong evaluation and open terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Beniamino Accattoli , Giulio Guerrieri

The theory of the call-by-value lambda-calculus relies on weak evaluation and closed terms, that are natural hypotheses in the study of programming languages. To model proof assistants, however, strong evaluation and open terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Beniamino Accattoli , Giulio Guerrieri

We introduce a probabilistic extension of Levy's Call-By-Push-Value. This extension consists simply in adding a " flipping coin " boolean closed atomic expression. This language can be understood as a major generalization of Scott's PCF…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Thomas Ehrhard , Christine Tasson

There is no known way of giving a domain-theoretic semantics to higher-order probabilistic languages, in such a way that the involved domains are continuous or quasi-continuous - the latter is required to do any serious mathematics. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Jean Goubault-Larrecq

In order to reason about effects, we can define quantitative formulas to describe behavioural aspects of effectful programs. These formulas can for example express probabilities that (or sets of correct starting states for which) a program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Niels Voorneveld

Polarization of types in call-by-push-value naturally leads to the separation of inductively defined observable values (classified by positive types), and coinductively defined computations (classified by negative types), with adjoint…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Zeeshan Lakhani , Ankush Das , Henry DeYoung , Andreia Mordido , Frank Pfenning

We generalise Levy's call-by-push-value (CBPV) to dependent type theory, to gain a better understanding of how to combine dependent types with effects. We define a dependently typed extension of CBPV, dCBPV-, and show that it has a very…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Matthijs Vákár

The main way of analyzing the complexity of a program is that of extracting and solving a recurrence that expresses its running time in terms of the size of its input. We develop a method that automatically extracts such recurrences from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-13 G. A. Kavvos , Edward Morehouse , Daniel R. Licata , Norman Danner

In this report we define an encoding of Levys call-by-push-value lambda-calculus (CBPV) in the pi-calculus, and prove that our encoding is both sound and complete. We present informal (by-hand) proofs of soundness, completeness, and all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Benjamin Bennetzen , Nikolaj Rossander Kristensen , Peter Buus Steffensen

We present the first fully abstract normal form bisimulation for call-by-value PCF (PCF$_{\textsf{v}}$). Our model is based on a labelled transition system (LTS) that combines elements from applicative bisimulation, environmental…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Vasileios Koutavas , Yu-Yang Lin , Nikos Tzevelekos

Probabilistic applicative bisimulation is a recently introduced coinductive methodology for program equivalence in a probabilistic, higher-order, setting. In this paper, the technique is applied to a typed, call-by-value, lambda-calculus.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-30 Raphaelle Crubille , Ugo Dal Lago

Call-by-need evaluation for the lambda-calculus can be seen as merging the best of call-by-name and call-by-value, namely the wise erasing behaviour of the former and the wise duplicating behaviour of the latter. To better understand how…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Beniamino Accattoli , Adrienne Lancelot

Effect and coeffect tracking integrate many types of compile-time analysis, such as cost, liveness, or dataflow, directly into a language's type system. In this paper, we investigate the addition of effect and coeffect tracking to the type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Cassia Torczon , Emmanuel Suárez Acevedo , Shubh Agrawal , Joey Velez-Ginorio , Stephanie Weirich

We classify programming languages according to evaluation order: each language fixes one evaluation order as the default, making it transparent to program in that evaluation order, and troublesome to program in the other. This paper…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jana Dunfield

Push/enter and eval/apply are two calling conventions used in implementations of functional languages. In this paper, we explore the following observation: when considering functions with multiple arguments, the stack under the push/enter…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Maciej Piróg , Jeremy Gibbons

Reasoning about program equivalence in imperative languages is notoriously challenging, as the presence of states (in the form of variable stores) fundamentally increases the observational power of program terms. The key desideratum for any…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Sergey Goncharov , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder , Stelios Tsampas , Henning Urbat

To support the understanding of declarative probabilistic programming languages, we introduce a lambda-calculus with a fair binary probabilistic choice that chooses between its arguments with equal probability. The reduction strategy of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-31 David Sabel , Manfred Schmidt-Schauß , Luca Maio

In this short paper, we consider a form of higher-order rewriting with a call-by-value evaluation strategy so as to model call-by-value programs. We briefly present a cost-size semantics to call-by-value rewriting: a class of algebraic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Cynthia Kop , Deivid Vale

We present an abstract machine that implements a full-reducing (a.k.a. strong) call-by-value strategy for pure $\lambda$-calculus. It is derived using Danvy et al.'s functional correspondence from Cr\'egut's KN by: (1) deconstructing KN to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Małgorzata Biernacka , Dariusz Biernacki , Witold Charatonik , Tomasz Drab
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