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Here, the Abraham-Minkowski controversy on the correct definition of the light momentum in a macroscopic medium is revisited with the purpose to highlight that an effective medium formalism necessarily restricts the available information on…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-27 Mario G. Silveirinha

According to the scientific literature, the momentum of a photon in a simple linear dielectric is either $\hbar\omega/(nc)$ or $n\hbar\omega/c$ with a unit vector ${\bf \hat e}_k$ in the direction of propagation. These momentums are…

Optics · Physics 2015-11-18 Michael E. Crenshaw

After more than a century of debate, there remains continuing discomfort over what is the correct expression for the electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric medium. This is the so-called the Minkowski-Abraham controversy. We show that…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Joseph J. Bisognano

During the past century, the electromagnetic field momentum in material media has been under debate in the Abraham-Minkowski controversy as convincing arguments have been advanced in favor of both the Abraham and Minkowski forms of photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-17 Mikko Partanen , Teppo Häyrynen , Jani Oksanen , Jukka Tulkki

We analyze the Abraham-Minkowski problem known from classical electrodynamics from two different perspectives. First, we follow a formal approach, implying use of manifolds with curved space sections in accordance with Fermat's principle,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-19 Iver Brevik , Masud Chaichian , Ion I. Cotăescu

In this paper I compare the Abraham and the Minkowski forms for the momentum pertaining to an electromagnetic wave inside a dielectric or a magnetic material. The discussion is based on a careful treatment of the surface charges and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Massimo Testa

We use an extended version of electrodynamics, which admits the existence of magnetic charges and currents, to discuss how different models for electric and magnetic dipoles do or do not carry hidden momentum under the influence of external…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-07-11 Pablo L. Saldanha , J. S. Oliveira Filho

The authors) Whenever light is slowed down, for any cause, two different formulas give its momentum. For dielectrics, the coexistence of those momenta was the heart of the century-old Abraham-Minkowski dilemma, recently resolved. We…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Damien Minenna , Yves Elskens , Fabrice Doveil , Frédéric André

We present the origin of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy of light-matter wave interacting system, which is a special case of the centaury-old Abraham-Minkowski controversy. We solve the controversy of laser-atom interacting case and find…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-12-17 Wen-Zhuo Zhang , Peng Zhang , Ru-Quan Wang , Wu-Ming Liu

The momentum of light inside ponderable media has an electromagnetic part and a mechanical part. The local and instantaneous density of the electromagnetic part of the momentum is given by the Poynting vector divided by the square of the…

Optics · Physics 2012-08-07 Masud Mansuripur

Recent years have witnessed a number of beautiful experiments in radiation optics. Our purpose with this mini-review is to highlight some developments of radiation pressure physics in general, and thereafter to focus on the importance of…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Iver Brevik

We consider the forces exerted by a pulse of plane-wave light on a single atom. The leading edge of the pulse exerts a dispersive force on the atom, and this modifies the atomic momentum while the atom is enveloped in the light. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. A. Hinds , Stephen M. Barnett

In order to get some insight in the intricacies of the Abraham-Minkowski energy-momentum problem in phenomenological electrodynamics, we briefly analyze eight different experimental situations in radiation optics. Six of the experiments are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-30 Iver Brevik

In this paper, we describe an experimental test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) topological phase with our lithium atom interferometer. The expected value of the HMW phase shift in our experiment is small and its measurement was difficult…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Steven Lepoutre , Jonathan Gillot , Alexandre Gauguet , Matthias Büchner , Jacques Vigué

The problem of assigning a momentum to an electromagnetic wave packet propagating inside an insulator has become known under the name of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy. In the present paper we re-examine the question, first through a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Massimo Testa

The momentum of light in dielectric media has been a century-long controversy that continues to attract significant interest. In a linear dielectric medium with refractive index n, the momentum is predicted to be smaller by a factor of n…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-23 Adam B. Cahaya

Abraham-Minkowski dilemma concerning the momentum of light within dielectric materials has persisted over 100 years[1]-[2] and conflicting experiments were reported until recently[3]-[4]. We perform a reversed Fizeau experiment to test the…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-04 Z. Y. Wang , P. Y. Wang , Y. R. Xu

Recently we introduced a local photon approach for modelling the quantised electromagnetic field in position space. Using this approach, we define the momentum of light in this paper as in quantum mechanics as the generator for spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Gabriel Waite , Daniel Hodgson , Ben Lang , Varghese Alapatt , Almut Beige

We calculate the energy-momentum balance in quantum dielectrics such as Bose-Einstein condensates. In agreement with the experiment [G. K. Campbell et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 170403 (2005)] variations of the Minkowski momentum are…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 Ulf Leonhardt

This memo contains a collection of formulas describing the electromagnetic energy, momentum and spin distribution of an optical field formed in dielectric media separated by a plane interface when an incident monochromatic plane wave is…

Optics · Physics 2017-12-05 Aleksandr Bekshaev
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