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In the kSUM problem we are given an array of numbers $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$ and we are required to determine if there are $k$ different elements in this array such that their sum is 0. This problem is a parameterized version of the well-studied…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Isaac Goldstein , Moshe Lewenstein , Ely Porat

The popular 3SUM conjecture states that there is no strongly subquadratic time algorithm for checking if a given set of integers contains three distinct elements $x_1, x_2, x_3$ such that $x_1+x_2=x_3$. A closely related problem is to check…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bartłomiej Dudek , Paweł Gawrychowski , Tatiana Starikovskaya

A major goal in the area of exact exponential algorithms is to give an algorithm for the (worst-case) $n$-input Subset Sum problem that runs in time $2^{(1/2 - c)n}$ for some constant $c>0$. In this paper we give a Subset Sum algorithm with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Xi Chen , Yaonan Jin , Tim Randolph , Rocco A. Servedio

Given a set of numbers, the $k$-SUM problem asks for a subset of $k$ numbers that sums to zero. When the numbers are integers, the time and space complexity of $k$-SUM is generally studied in the word-RAM model; when the numbers are reals,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Andrea Lincoln , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Joshua R. Wang , R. Ryan Williams

Many computational problems are subject to a quantum speed-up: one might find that a problem having an O(n^3)-time or O(n^2)-time classic algorithm can be solved by a known O(n^1.5)-time or O(n)-time quantum algorithm. The question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Harry Buhrman , Bruno Loff , Subhasree Patro , Florian Speelman

Our work explores the hardness of $3$SUM instances without certain additive structures, and its applications. As our main technical result, we show that solving $3$SUM on a size-$n$ integer set that avoids solutions to $a+b=c+d$ for $\{a,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Ce Jin , Yinzhan Xu

We consider the problem of sorting $n$ items, given the outcomes of $m$ pre-existing comparisons. We present a simple and natural deterministic algorithm that runs in $O(m + \log T)$ time and does $O(\log T)$ comparisons, where $T$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Bernhard Haeupler , Richard Hladík , John Iacono , Vaclav Rozhon , Robert Tarjan , Jakub Tětek

The 3SUM problem asks if an input $n$-set of real numbers contains a triple whose sum is zero. We consider the 3POL problem, a natural generalization of 3SUM where we replace the sum function by a constant-degree polynomial in three…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-08 Luis Barba , Jean Cardinal , John Iacono , Stefan Langerman , Aurélien Ooms , Noam Solomon

A determined algorithm is presented for solving the rSUM problem for any natural r with a sub-quadratic assessment of time complexity in some cases. In terms of an amount of memory used the obtained algorithm is the nlog^3(n) order. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Valerii Sopin

We consider two problems that arise in machine learning applications: the problem of recovering a planted sparse vector in a random linear subspace and the problem of decomposing a random low-rank overcomplete 3-tensor. For both problems,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Samuel B. Hopkins , Tselil Schramm , Jonathan Shi , David Steurer

We consider the canonical Subset Sum problem: given a list of positive integers $a_1,\ldots,a_n$ and a target integer $t$ with $t > a_i$ for all $i$, determine if there is an $S \subseteq [n]$ such that $\sum_{i \in S} a_i = t$. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ce Jin , Nikhil Vyas , Ryan Williams

Given a set of $n$ input integers, the Equal Subset Sum problem asks us to find two distinct subsets with the same sum. In this paper we present an algorithm that runs in time $O^*(3^{0.387n})$ in the~average case, significantly improving…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Xi Chen , Yaonan Jin , Tim Randolph , Rocco A. Servedio

In the classical Subset Sum problem we are given a set $X$ and a target $t$, and the task is to decide whether there exists a subset of $X$ which sums to $t$. A recent line of research has resulted in $\tilde{O}(t)$-time algorithms, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Karl Bringmann , Vasileios Nakos

We investigate pseudo-polynomial time algorithms for Subset Sum. Given a multi-set $X$ of $n$ positive integers and a target $t$, Subset Sum asks whether some subset of $X$ sums to $t$. Bringmann proposes an $\tilde{O}(n + t)$-time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lin Chen , Jiayi Lian , Yuchen Mao , Guochuan Zhang

Subset sum is a very old and fundamental problem in theoretical computer science. In this problem, $n$ items with weights $w_1, w_2, w_3, \ldots, w_n$ are given as input and the goal is to find out if there is a subset of them whose weights…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Hamed Saleh , Saeed Seddighin

In the last three decades, the $k$-SUM hypothesis has emerged as a satisfying explanation of long-standing time barriers for a variety of algorithmic problems. Yet to this day, the literature knows of only few proven consequences of a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Geri Gokaj , Marvin Künnemann

We study the parameterized complexity of algorithmic problems whose input is an integer set $A$ in terms of the doubling constant $C := |A + A|/|A|$, a fundamental measure of additive structure. We present evidence that this new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tim Randolph , Karol Węgrzycki

In the Equal-Subset-Sum problem, we are given a set $S$ of $n$ integers and the problem is to decide if there exist two disjoint nonempty subsets $A,B \subseteq S$, whose elements sum up to the same value. The problem is NP-complete. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Marcin Mucha , Jesper Nederlof , Jakub Pawlewicz , Karol Węgrzycki

Approximating Subset Sum is a classic and fundamental problem in computer science and mathematical optimization. The state-of-the-art approximation scheme for Subset Sum computes a $(1-\varepsilon)$-approximation in time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Karl Bringmann , Vasileios Nakos

Given $(a_1, \dots, a_n, t) \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^{n + 1}$, the Subset Sum problem ($\mathsf{SSUM}$) is to decide whether there exists $S \subseteq [n]$ such that $\sum_{i \in S} a_i = t$. There is a close variant of the $\mathsf{SSUM}$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Pranjal Dutta , Mahesh Sreekumar Rajasree