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Related papers: (Quantum) Indifferentiability and Pre-Computation

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It is well known that in quantum mechanics we cannot always define consistently properties that are context independent. Many approaches exist to describe contextual properties, such as Contextuality by Default (CbD), sheaf theory, topos…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-18 J. Acacio de Barros , Federico Holik , Decio Krause

Quantum cryptography has been extensively studied in the last twenty years, but information-flow security of quantum computing and communication systems has been almost untouched in the previous research. Duo to the essential difference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Mingsheng Ying , Yuang Feng , Nengkun Yu

It had been widely claimed that quantum mechanics can protect private information during public decision in for example the so-called two-party secure computation. If this were the case, quantum smart-cards could prevent fake teller…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo

Given many copies of an unknown quantum state $\rho$, we consider the task of learning a classical description of its principal eigenstate. Namely, assuming that $\rho$ has an eigenstate $|\phi\rangle$ with (unknown) eigenvalue $\lambda >…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Daniel Grier , Hakop Pashayan , Luke Schaeffer

The interest in post-quantum cryptography - classical systems that remain secure in the presence of a quantum adversary - has generated elegant proposals for new cryptosystems. Some of these systems are set in the random oracle model and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 Dan Boneh , Özgür Dagdelen , Marc Fischlin , Anja Lehmann , Christian Schaffner , Mark Zhandry

Non-orthogonal quantum states pose a fundamental challenge in quantum information processing, as they cannot be distinguished with absolute certainty. Conventionally, the focus has been on minimizing error probability in quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Ilyass Mejdoub , Julien Béguinot , Olivier Rioul

Determining whether a quantum state is separable or entangled is a problem of fundamental importance in quantum information science. It has recently been shown that this problem is NP-hard. There is a highly inefficient `basic algorithm'…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. M. Ioannou , B. C. Travaglione , D. Cheung , A. K. Ekert

Quantifying the resources available to a quantum computer appears to be necessary to separate quantum from classical computation. Among them, entanglement, nonstabilizerness and coherence are arguably of great significance. We introduce…

Quantum information processing shows advantages in many tasks, including quantum communication and computation, comparing to its classical counterpart. The essence of quantum processing lies on the fundamental difference between classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-03 Xiao Yuan

Reasoning under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in Artificial Intelligence. As with most of these challenges, there is a harsh dilemma between the expressive power of the language used, and the tractability of the computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Luise Ge , Brendan Juba , Kris Nilsson

We provide a feasible necessary and sufficient condition for when an unknown quantum operation (quantum device) secretely selected from a set of known quantum operations can be identified perfectly within a finite number of queries, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Runyao Duan , Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

Lower bounds and impossibility results in distributed computing are both intellectually challenging and practically important. Hundreds if not thousands of proofs appear in the literature, but surprisingly, the vast majority of them apply…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Guy Goren , Yoram Moses , Alexander Spiegelman

One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been…

Many protocols and tasks in quantum information science rely inherently on the fundamental notion of contextuality to provide advantages over their classical counterparts, and contextuality represents one of the main differences between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Carles Roch I Carceller , Jonatan Bohr Brask

Recent research in quantum cryptography has led to the development of schemes that encrypt and authenticate quantum messages with computational security. The security definitions used so far in the literature are asymptotic, game-based, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-24 Fabio Banfi , Ueli Maurer , Christopher Portmann , Jiamin Zhu

Initialization of composite quantum systems into highly entangled states is usually a must to allow their use for quantum technologies. However, the presence of unavoidable noise in the preparation stage makes the system state mixed, thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-18 Farzam Nosrati , Alessia Castellini , Giuseppe Compagno , Rosario Lo Franco

The problem of discriminating the state of a quantum system among a number of hypothetical states is usually addressed under the assumption that one has perfect knowledge of the possible states of the system. In this thesis, I analyze the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Gael Sentís

Inference is the process of using facts we know to learn about facts we do not know. A theory of inference gives assumptions necessary to get from the former to the latter, along with a definition for and summary of the resulting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Beau Coker , Cynthia Rudin , Gary King

The indistinguishability of non-orthogonal pure states lies at the heart of quantum information processing. Although the indistinguishability reflects the impossibility of measuring complementary physical quantities by a single measurement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-13 Seiseki Akibue , Go Kato , Naoki Marumo

The relative power of quantum algorithms, using an adaptive access to quantum devices, versus classical post-processing methods that rely only on an initial quantum data set, remains the subject of active debate. Here, we present evidence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Oleksandr Kyriienko , Chukwudubem Umeano , Zoë Holmes