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In-context learning (ICL) of large language models has proven to be a surprisingly effective method of learning a new task from only a few demonstrative examples. In this paper, we study the efficacy of ICL from the viewpoint of statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-03 Juno Kim , Tai Nakamaki , Taiji Suzuki

Estimating the state of a dynamical system from a series of noise-corrupted observations is fundamental in many areas of science and engineering. The most well-known method, the Kalman smoother (and the related Kalman filter), relies on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-24 Luca Ambrogioni , Umut Güçlü , Eric Maris , Marcel van Gerven

The Kalman filter is an algorithm for the estimation of hidden variables in dynamical systems under linear Gauss-Markov assumptions with widespread applications across different fields. Recently, its Bayesian interpretation has received a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-23 Manuel Baltieri , Takuya Isomura

Transformers are a class of autoregressive deep learning architectures which have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in various vision, language, and robotics tasks. We revisit the problem of Kalman Filtering in linear dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gautam Goel , Peter Bartlett

State estimation is a fundamental problem in control and signal processing, for which the Kalman Filter provides an optimal solution under linear dynamics, Gaussian noise, and known noise covariances. However, these assumptions often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Vasileios Saketos , Ming Xiao

Gaussian process state-space models (GPSSMs) offer a principled framework for learning and inference in nonlinear dynamical systems with uncertainty quantification. However, existing GPSSMs are limited by the use of multiple independent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Zhidi Lin , Ying Li , Feng Yin , Juan Maroñas , Alexandre H. Thiéry

In-context learning (ICL) is one of the surprising and useful features of large language models and subject of intense research. Recently, stylized meta-learning-like ICL setups have been devised that train transformers on sequences of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Madhur Panwar , Kabir Ahuja , Navin Goyal

Optimal decision-making under partial observability requires reasoning about the uncertainty of the environment's hidden state. However, most reinforcement learning architectures handle partial observability with sequence models that have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Carlos E. Luis , Alessandro G. Bottero , Julia Vinogradska , Felix Berkenkamp , Jan Peters

Filtering - the task of estimating the conditional distribution for states of a dynamical system given partial and noisy observations - is important in many areas of science and engineering, including weather and climate prediction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eviatar Bach , Ricardo Baptista , Enoch Luk , Andrew Stuart

In this paper, we propose a non-parametric method for state estimation of high-dimensional nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems, which evolve according to gradient flows with isotropic diffusion. We combine diffusion maps, a manifold…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-26 Tal Shnitzer , Ronen Talmon , Jean-Jacques Slotine

This paper investigates the robot state estimation problem within a non-inertial environment. The proposed state estimation approach relaxes the common assumption of static ground in the system modeling. The process and measurement models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zijian He , Sangli Teng , Tzu-Yuan Lin , Maani Ghaffari , Yan Gu

Transformers are widely used in natural language processing due to their ability to model longer-term dependencies in text. Although these models achieve state-of-the-art performance for many language related tasks, their applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Nicholas Geneva , Nicholas Zabaras

Estimating hidden states in dynamical systems, also known as optimal filtering, is a long-standing problem in various fields of science and engineering. In this paper, we introduce a general filtering framework, \textbf{LLM-Filter}, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Shiqi Liu , Wenhan Cao , Chang Liu , Zeyu He , Tianyi Zhang , Shengbo Eben Li

Transformers have shown a remarkable ability for in-context learning (ICL), making predictions based on contextual examples. However, while theoretical analyses have explored this prediction capability, the nature of the inferred context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Fei Lu , Yue Yu

This work aims to improve generalization and interpretability of dynamical systems by recovering the underlying lower-dimensional latent states and their time evolutions. Previous work on disentangled representation learning within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Çağlar Hızlı , Çağatay Yıldız , Matthias Bethge , ST John , Pekka Marttinen

In this paper, we present a unified optimal and exponentially stable filter for linear discrete-time stochastic systems that simultaneously estimates the states and unknown inputs in an unbiased minimum-variance sense, without making any…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Sze Zheng Yong , Minghui Zhu , Emilio Frazzoli

The Kalman filter computes the optimal variable-gain using prior knowledge of the initial state and random (process and measurement) noise distributions, which are assumed to be Gaussian with known variance. However, when these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Hugh Lachlan Kennedy

State estimation incorporates the feedback in optimization based advanced process control systems and is very important for the performance of model predictive control. We describe the extended Kalman filter, the unscented Kalman filter,…

Pre-trained transformers exhibit the capability of adapting to new tasks through in-context learning (ICL), where they efficiently utilize a limited set of prompts without explicit model optimization. The canonical communication problem of…

This paper presents an algorithm to improve state estimation for legged robots. Among existing model-based state estimation methods for legged robots, the contact-aided invariant extended Kalman filter defines the state on a Lie group to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Seokju Lee , Hyun-Bin Kim , Kyung-Soo Kim